Cálculo da velocidade de deriva das bolhas ionosféricas a partir de observações GNSS
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2019-02-21
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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O uso das tecnologias GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System), principalmente do GBAS (Ground-Based Augumentation System) e SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System), permite melhorar as exigências de desempenho operacionais de navegação aérea. Essas tecnologias são associadas a funções de guiagem e vigilância, uma vez que melhores níveis de segurança, eficiência e capacidade no sistema de transporte aéreo nos aeroportos podem ser alcançados. Com o crescimento da demanda do tráfego aéreo e devido ao GBAS ser considerado uma tecnologia relativamente barata, compacta e autônoma, a organização da Aviação Civil Internacional (ICAO) propôs a substituição do ILS (Instrument Landing System – Sistema de instrumentos para aproximação e pouso) pelo uso do GBAS. Entretanto, apesar do melhor desempenho do GBAS, as bolhas de plasma, causadas pelas irregularidades na densidade de elétrons presente na ionosfera, degradam a integridade do mesmo. Assim, determinar a velocidade de deriva com que as bolhas de plasma se deslocam é de fundamental importância para aviação civil, uma vez que este constitui parâmetro significativo para avaliar o desempenho do GBAS. Ademais, a pesquisa proposta visa obter uma melhor compreensão da dinâmica e morfologia das bolhas de plasma de forma que auxilie o entendimento do comportamento da ionosfera brasileira, que se encontra na região equatorial, que é fortemente afetada, e contribuir para sua mitigação. Para isto, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia para determinar a velocidade de deriva das bolhas ionosféricas utilizando informações GNSS. Os resultados dos experimentos realizados com o intuito de avaliar se as velocidades obtidas utilizando a metodologia proposta está em concordância com as obtidas com métodos já consolidados. Além disso, foi realizado experimento com o objetivo de analisar a limitação do método em relação as distância entre as estações GNSS, e nos experimentos os resultados diferem de uma dia para outro, chegando a resultados inconclusivos sendo necessário realizar mais experimentos para outros dias, bem como para outras distâncias entre as estações de referência.
The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technologies use mainly GBAS (Ground-Based Augmentation System) and SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System), allows to improve air navigation operational performance requirements. These technologies are associated with guiding and vigilance functions, once that airports air transport system can achieve better levels of safety, efficiency and capacity. Considering the air traffics demand increasing and due to GNSS be considered a relatively inexpensive, compact and stand-alone technology, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has proposed the replacement of Instrument Landing System (ILS) by GBAS. However, despite GBAS better performance, plasma bubbles, caused by irregularities in the ionosphere electron density, can degrade its integrity. Thus, plasma bubbles drift velocity determination is of fundamental importance for civil aviation, once it is a significant parameter to evaluate GBAS performance. In addition, proposed research aims to obtain a better understanding of plasma bubbles dynamics and morphology, helping to understanding of the Brazilian ionosphere behavior, located in the equatorial region, strongly affected, and furthermore contribute to mitigation. For this, a methodology was developed the drift velocity estimation of ionospheric bubble using GNSS information. The results experiments were performed with the purpose of evaluating if the velocities obtained using the proposed methodology are in agreement with the velocities obtained with already consolidated methods. Furthermore, experiments was carried out with the objective of analyzing the limitation method in relation to the distance between GNSS stations, and in the experiment carried out the results differ from one day to the next, reaching inconclusive results and it is necessary to perform further experiments for other days, as well as for other distances between the reference stations.
The GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) technologies use mainly GBAS (Ground-Based Augmentation System) and SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System), allows to improve air navigation operational performance requirements. These technologies are associated with guiding and vigilance functions, once that airports air transport system can achieve better levels of safety, efficiency and capacity. Considering the air traffics demand increasing and due to GNSS be considered a relatively inexpensive, compact and stand-alone technology, International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has proposed the replacement of Instrument Landing System (ILS) by GBAS. However, despite GBAS better performance, plasma bubbles, caused by irregularities in the ionosphere electron density, can degrade its integrity. Thus, plasma bubbles drift velocity determination is of fundamental importance for civil aviation, once it is a significant parameter to evaluate GBAS performance. In addition, proposed research aims to obtain a better understanding of plasma bubbles dynamics and morphology, helping to understanding of the Brazilian ionosphere behavior, located in the equatorial region, strongly affected, and furthermore contribute to mitigation. For this, a methodology was developed the drift velocity estimation of ionospheric bubble using GNSS information. The results experiments were performed with the purpose of evaluating if the velocities obtained using the proposed methodology are in agreement with the velocities obtained with already consolidated methods. Furthermore, experiments was carried out with the objective of analyzing the limitation method in relation to the distance between GNSS stations, and in the experiment carried out the results differ from one day to the next, reaching inconclusive results and it is necessary to perform further experiments for other days, as well as for other distances between the reference stations.
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GNSS, Irregularidades Ionosféricas, Bolhas de Plasma