Modelo multiobjetivo Fuzzy de análise envoltória de dados na avaliação da eficiência de máquinas industriais em um contexto sob incerteza
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Data
2019-08-14
Autores
Guimarães, Erica Peixoto
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A gestão baseada no Lean Manufacturing tem como princípio o desenvolvimento de processos enxutos com a capacidade de utilizar da melhor forma os recursos disponíveis e eliminar atividades que não agregam valor. Com isso, o programa Total Productive Maintenance (TPM), está entre os métodos que auxiliam nesse objetivo, pois desenvolve a função de gerir a manutenção de máquinas, equipamentos e meio ambiente de trabalho de forma que os investimentos feitos tendam ao aumento da eficiência global. Para isso, uma maneira de controlar o desempenho dos processos é aplicando ferramentas capazes de mensurar a eficiência relativa. Pois, além de verificar quantitativamente a eficiência relativa, estes métodos e ferramentas servem de fundamentação para auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisões nas organizações. A empresa em estudo, uma multinacional de autopeças situada no Vale do Paraíba/SP, emprega o programa TPM e apoia-se no indicador Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) para as avaliações de eficiência. Entretanto, o presente estudo propôs um indicador de eficiência que combina um modelo multicritério com a Lógica dos Conjuntos Fuzzy, no qual, diferentemente do OEE, é possível escolher os parâmetros que interferem na eficiência do processo e adicionar o conhecimento dos especialistas aos dados nítidos para assim, verificar o comportamento do cenário. Para o indicador proposto, foram simulados três cenários, dispostos em forma de ranking (do mais eficiente ao menos eficiente) e comparado com o ranking do indicador OEE. Feito isso, observou-se que havia divergência na maioria das posições do ranking do OEE quando comparado com as posições do ranking dos cenários simulados. Aplicando o teste não paramétrico de Spearman, foi confirmada a correlação desprezível entre o indicador proposto e o OEE. Indicando que o presente indicador aborda o conceito de eficiência diferente do OEE, sendo uma visão única para cada processo e vista pela perspectiva dos especialistas.
Management based on Lean Manufacturing has as principle the development of lean processes with the ability to make the best use of available resources and eliminate activities that do not add value. Thus, the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) program is one of the methods that help this goal, because it develops the role of managing the maintenance of machinery, equipment and working environment, for that the investments made tend to increase the overall efficiency. For this, one way to control process performance is to apply tools developed to measure relative efficiency. Because, in addition to quantitatively verifying relative efficiency, these methods and tools are based managers for decision-making in organizations. The company under study, an auto parts multinational located in Vale do Paraíba / SP, use the TPM program and for efficiency assessments is supported by the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) indicator. However, the present study proposed an efficiency indicator that combines a multicriteria model with the Fuzzy Set Logic, in which, unlike OEE, it is possible to choose the parameters that interfere in the process efficiency and to add expert knowledge to the clear data for verify the behavior of the scenario. For the proposed indicator, three scenarios were simulated, creating the ranking (from the most efficient to the least efficient) and compared to the OEE indicator ranking. Once this was done, it was observed that there was divergence in most positions of the OEE ranking when compared to the ranking positions of the simulated scenarios. Applying the non-parametric Spearman test, the negligible correlation between the proposed indicator and the OEE was confirmed. Indicating that the present indicator addresses the concept of efficiency different from OEE, being a unique vision for each process and seen from the perspective of experts.
Management based on Lean Manufacturing has as principle the development of lean processes with the ability to make the best use of available resources and eliminate activities that do not add value. Thus, the Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) program is one of the methods that help this goal, because it develops the role of managing the maintenance of machinery, equipment and working environment, for that the investments made tend to increase the overall efficiency. For this, one way to control process performance is to apply tools developed to measure relative efficiency. Because, in addition to quantitatively verifying relative efficiency, these methods and tools are based managers for decision-making in organizations. The company under study, an auto parts multinational located in Vale do Paraíba / SP, use the TPM program and for efficiency assessments is supported by the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) indicator. However, the present study proposed an efficiency indicator that combines a multicriteria model with the Fuzzy Set Logic, in which, unlike OEE, it is possible to choose the parameters that interfere in the process efficiency and to add expert knowledge to the clear data for verify the behavior of the scenario. For the proposed indicator, three scenarios were simulated, creating the ranking (from the most efficient to the least efficient) and compared to the OEE indicator ranking. Once this was done, it was observed that there was divergence in most positions of the OEE ranking when compared to the ranking positions of the simulated scenarios. Applying the non-parametric Spearman test, the negligible correlation between the proposed indicator and the OEE was confirmed. Indicating that the present indicator addresses the concept of efficiency different from OEE, being a unique vision for each process and seen from the perspective of experts.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Análise de envoltório de dados de critérios múltiplos, MCDEA, OEE, Lógica dos conjuntos Fuzzy, Manufatura enxuta, Multiple criteria data envelopment analysis, Fuzzy sets logic, Lean manufacturing, Processo decisório por critério múltiplo, Produção enxuta, Gestão da qualidade total