Estudo de superfluidez heterogênea em nanoestruturas
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Data
2019-07-29
Autores
Silva, Daniel Arisa Moares e
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A superfluidez convencional, cuja descrição foi desenvolvida em 1957 por Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), é fundamentada em um sistema não polarizado e na ausência de campos magnéticos. Porém outros regimes de superfluidez foram propostos na presença de campos magnéticos ou de população de spin desbalanceada. Neste caso, haveria a coexistência de magnetismo e superfluidez. Tais fenômenos de superfluidez heterogênea têm atraído a atenção de diversas áreas da ciência, pois também podem explicar a existência de propriedades não-convencionais como, por exemplo, variações súbitas no período de rotação de estrelas de nêutrons. Devido às diversas propostas existentes para o fenômeno de superfluidez heterogênea, há grande controvérsia em relação aos regimes de parâmetros em que o fenômeno se manifesta e se mantem estável. Diversos cálculos exatos e aproximados têm sido realizados a fim de detectar e descrever tais fases, como DMRG (Density Matrix Renormalization Group) e DFT (Density Functional Theory). Nessa monografia, através de cálculos exatos de DMRG, exploramos as propriedades de superfluidez exótica em modelos de nanoestruturas. Investigamos em particular a propriedade de emaranhamento quântico, conhecida por revelar os parâmetros em que transições de fase quânticas ocorrem. Nossos resultados demonstram que o emaranhamento de sistemas superfluidos é um bom parâmetro para a detecção da fase FFLO e que pode ser quantificado experimentalmente em superfluidos através de sua surpreendente relação linear com a susceptibilidade magnética, encontrada também neste trabalho.
Conventional superfluidity, whose description was developed in 1957 by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), is based on a non-polarized system and the absence of magnetic fields. However, other superfluidity regimes were proposed in the presence of magnetic fields or spin-imbalanced population. In this case, there would be the coexistence of magnetism and superfluidity. Such phenomenon of heterogeneous superfluidity has attracted attention of several scientific areas, as they may also explain the existence of unconventional properties such as, for example, sudden variations in the period of neutron stars rotation. Due to the several proposals for the phenomenon of heterogeneous superfluidity, there is great controversy regarding the parameter regimes in which the phenomenon manifests itself and remains stable. Several exact and approximate calculations have been performed to detect and describe such phases, such as DMRG (Density Matrix Renormalization Group) and DFT (Density Functional Theory). In this monograph, through exact DMRG calculations, we explore the properties of exotic superfluidity in nanostructures models. We investigate in particular the quantum entanglement property known to reveal the parameters in which quantum phase transitions occur. Our results demonstrate that entanglement of superfluid systems is a good parameter for detecting the FFLO phase and that it can be quantified experimentally in superfluids by exploring its surprising linear relation with the magnetic susceptibility, also found in this work.
Conventional superfluidity, whose description was developed in 1957 by Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS), is based on a non-polarized system and the absence of magnetic fields. However, other superfluidity regimes were proposed in the presence of magnetic fields or spin-imbalanced population. In this case, there would be the coexistence of magnetism and superfluidity. Such phenomenon of heterogeneous superfluidity has attracted attention of several scientific areas, as they may also explain the existence of unconventional properties such as, for example, sudden variations in the period of neutron stars rotation. Due to the several proposals for the phenomenon of heterogeneous superfluidity, there is great controversy regarding the parameter regimes in which the phenomenon manifests itself and remains stable. Several exact and approximate calculations have been performed to detect and describe such phases, such as DMRG (Density Matrix Renormalization Group) and DFT (Density Functional Theory). In this monograph, through exact DMRG calculations, we explore the properties of exotic superfluidity in nanostructures models. We investigate in particular the quantum entanglement property known to reveal the parameters in which quantum phase transitions occur. Our results demonstrate that entanglement of superfluid systems is a good parameter for detecting the FFLO phase and that it can be quantified experimentally in superfluids by exploring its surprising linear relation with the magnetic susceptibility, also found in this work.
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Palavras-chave
Supercondutividade, Fase FFLO, Emaranhamento, Susceptibilidade magnética, Nanoestruturas, Superfluidez heterogênea