Efeito de bioestimulantes no desenvolvimento inicial de soja sob deficiência hídrica
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Data
2019-08-02
Autores
Mendes, Carolina Ruv Lemes Gonçalves
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Dentre os fatores que asseguram bom desempenho para a cultura da soja (Glycine max L. Merrill) está a utilização de sementes de alta qualidade, capazes de proporcionar adequado estabelecimento e desenvolvimento inicial da cultura no campo. Diante das grandes vantagens que as aplicações de bioestimulantes podem proporcionar faz-se necessário aprofundar os estudos sobre sua atuação e alterações fisiológicas na soja, principalmente em situações em que algum estresse ambiental, como o hídrico, possa intervir na germinação e emergência das plantas. Foi conduzido um experimento em casa de vegetação para determinar a influência do tratamento de sementes com bioestimulantes e sua interação com inseticida e fungicida em caracteres biométricos, nutricionais e na atividade bioquímica de enzimas antioxidantes, sob o desenvolvimento inicial de soja, em condições de deficiência hídrica. O delineamento estatístico adotado foi o delineamento de blocos casualizados com oito tratamentos: testemunha; e os produtos Biozyme®, Yaravita Raiz® e Nitrostarter + Phylgreen gemma® isoladamente e em combinação a Imidacloprido e a Carboxina + Tiram, aplicados em tratamento de sementes, com a indução ou não de deficiência hídrica, com três repetições. Para as avaliações em casa de vegetação foram consideradas as variáveis porcentagem de germinação, velocidade de emergência, comprimento de raiz e parte aérea, peso de massa fresca e massa seca de raiz e parte aérea, aos 14 e 21 DAA (Dias após a aplicação). Em laboratório foram realizadas as avaliações nutricional e bioquímica. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística pelo teste de t de Student a 5%. Não foram observados efeitos significativos dos bioestimulantes sobre as características biométricas avaliadas, com exceção de %MSA (Porcentagem de massa seca de parte aérea) e %MSR (Porcetangem de massa seca de raiz). No entanto, houve influência dos tratamentos sobre as variáveis bioquímicas e nutricionais da cultura, sendo que a aplicação destes proporcionou alterações na concentração de nutrientes, como K, P, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn e de proteínas solúveis e enzimas antioxidantes, como CAT (catalase), quando em situação de déficit hídrico.
Among the factor that ensure the soybean crop (Glycine max L. Merrill) good performance is the use of high quality seeds, capable of providing adequate stablishment and the culture initial development in the field. In the view of the great advantages that biostimulants applications can provide, it is necessary to deepen their performance studies and pshysiological changes in soybean, especially in situations which some environmental stress, such as water, can intervene in germination and emergence of plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the treatments of seeds with biostimulants infuence and their interaction with inseticide and fungicide in biometric, nutritional characters and the antioxidante enzymes biochemical activity, in soybean initial development under water deficit conditions. The statistical design adopted was a randomized complete block with eigth treatments: control; and the products Biozyme®, Yaravita Raiz® e Nitrostarter + Phylgreen gemma® alone and with Imidacloprid and Carboxin + Thiram combination, applied in seed treatment, with or without water deficiency and with three replicates. Germination, emergency velocity, root and shoot length, fresh mass weight and dry root and shoot mass, at 14 and 21 DAA (Days after application) were considered for greenhouse assessments. Nutritional and biochemical evaluations were performed in the laboratory. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Student´s test at 5%. No significant effects of biostimulants were observed on biometric characteristics, except for %DMS (Dry matter of seedlings) and % DMR (dry matter of roots) However, there was treatments influence on the biochemical and nutritional variables of the culture, and the biostimulants application provided nutrient concentration changes, such as, P, K, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and soluble proteins and antioxidant enzymes, as CAT (catalase), when in water deficit situation.
Among the factor that ensure the soybean crop (Glycine max L. Merrill) good performance is the use of high quality seeds, capable of providing adequate stablishment and the culture initial development in the field. In the view of the great advantages that biostimulants applications can provide, it is necessary to deepen their performance studies and pshysiological changes in soybean, especially in situations which some environmental stress, such as water, can intervene in germination and emergence of plants. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine the treatments of seeds with biostimulants infuence and their interaction with inseticide and fungicide in biometric, nutritional characters and the antioxidante enzymes biochemical activity, in soybean initial development under water deficit conditions. The statistical design adopted was a randomized complete block with eigth treatments: control; and the products Biozyme®, Yaravita Raiz® e Nitrostarter + Phylgreen gemma® alone and with Imidacloprid and Carboxin + Thiram combination, applied in seed treatment, with or without water deficiency and with three replicates. Germination, emergency velocity, root and shoot length, fresh mass weight and dry root and shoot mass, at 14 and 21 DAA (Days after application) were considered for greenhouse assessments. Nutritional and biochemical evaluations were performed in the laboratory. The data were submitted to statistical analysis by Student´s test at 5%. No significant effects of biostimulants were observed on biometric characteristics, except for %DMS (Dry matter of seedlings) and % DMR (dry matter of roots) However, there was treatments influence on the biochemical and nutritional variables of the culture, and the biostimulants application provided nutrient concentration changes, such as, P, K, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn, and soluble proteins and antioxidant enzymes, as CAT (catalase), when in water deficit situation.
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Palavras-chave
Glycine max, Germinação, Estresse hídrico, Ecofisiologia vegetal