Influência de sistemas dosadores e velocidade de deslocamento de semeadoras-adubadoras na qualidade de sementes de soja
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Data
2019-05-31
Autores
Paludo, Vinícius
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar as injúrias que a semente de soja (Glycine max) vem a sofrer durante a operação de semeadura, pois o fato de a semente desta cultura ser mais suscetível a danos causados pelo contato durante as operações agrícolas, onde seu tegumento nem sempre consegue proteger dos danos causados pelas operações agrícolas, e sendo a semeadura uma das principais operações o ensaio teve por objetivo levantar e quantificar este índice de danos utilizando os principais mecanismos de sistemas dosadores utilizados nas semeadoras nacionais, operando em diferentes velocidades utilizadas nas propriedades agrícolas. O trabalho foi conduzido na área didática da fazenda LAGEADO pertencente a UNESP campus de Botucatu – SP. No ensaio foram utilizados diferentes semeadoras, sendo estas equipadas cada uma com um mecanismo dosador, sendo eles; sistema dosador de disco horizontal tradicional com conjunto disco e anel selecionados para o cultivar utilizado, sistema dosador de disco horizontal modificado equipado com conjunto disco e anel modificado selecionado para o cultivar, e uma semeadora com o sistema dosador pneumático (a vácuo) equipada com disco para cultura e trabalhando na pressão recomendada, todas as semeadoras foram avaliadas em 4 diferentes velocidades de trabalho, sendo estas 4, 6, 8 e 10 km h-1. O processo de coleta das sementes ocorreu na saída do tubo condutor, diretamente para um saco de coleta da amostra anexado ao tubo. Após a coleta, as amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório onde foram analisados e realizados os seguintes testes: índice de germinação de sementes e comprimento de plântula e raiz primaria em papel germitest, teste de condutividade elétrica, hipoclorito e o teste de tetrazólio, onde deste foi avaliado a viabilidade, o vigor e identificado danos físicos presentes em sua estrutura, sendo elas separadas e classificados pelo tipo de dano, sendo os três tipos, mecânico, umidade e inseto. Com estes dados foi concluído que as sementes apresentaram injúrias ocasionadas pela ação dos mecanismos dosadores na operação de plantio, os melhores resultados obtidos em porcentagem de viabilidade e vigor foram observados no sistema dosador pneumático, e a velocidade e um fator decisivo para uma boa qualidade final da semente, onde constatado que conforme o aumento da velocidade de operação os índices de danos aumentaram e o potencial de desenvolvimento das sementes é comprometido.
The present work aimed to evaluate the injuries that soybean seed (Glycine max) has suffered during the sowing operation, since the fact that the seed of this crop is more susceptible to contact damage during agricultural operations, where its The seed can not always protect from damage caused by agricultural operations, and since sowing is one of the main operations, the objective of the test was to survey and quantify this damage index using the main mechanisms of dosing systems used in national seeders, operating at different speeds used in agricultural properties. The work was conducted in the didactic area of LAGEADO farm belonging to UNESP campus of Botucatu - SP. In the trial different seeders were used, each equipped with a dosing mechanism, being them; traditional horizontal disk feeder system with selected disk and ring assembly for the cultivar used, modified horizontal disk feeder system equipped with disk and modified ring set selected for the cultivar, and a seed drill with the disk-equipped pneumatic (vacuum) feeder system For cultivation and working at the recommended pressure, all seeders were evaluated at 4 different working speeds, these being 4, 6, 8 and 10 km h-1 . The seed collection process occurred at the exit of the conductive tube, directly to a sample collection bag attached to the tube. After collection, the samples were sent to the laboratory where the following tests were analyzed and performed: seed germination index and seedling length and primary root on germitest paper, electrical conductivity test, hypochlorite and tetrazolium test, where it was feasibility, vigor and physical damage present in its structure were evaluated, being separated and classified by the type of damage, being the three types mechanical, humidity and insect. With these data it was concluded that the seeds presented injuries caused by the action of the dosing mechanisms in the planting operation, the best results obtained in percentage of viability and vigor were observed in the pneumatic dosing system, and the speed is a decisive factor for a good final quality. It was found that as the speed of operation increased, damage rates increased and seed development potential was compromised.
The present work aimed to evaluate the injuries that soybean seed (Glycine max) has suffered during the sowing operation, since the fact that the seed of this crop is more susceptible to contact damage during agricultural operations, where its The seed can not always protect from damage caused by agricultural operations, and since sowing is one of the main operations, the objective of the test was to survey and quantify this damage index using the main mechanisms of dosing systems used in national seeders, operating at different speeds used in agricultural properties. The work was conducted in the didactic area of LAGEADO farm belonging to UNESP campus of Botucatu - SP. In the trial different seeders were used, each equipped with a dosing mechanism, being them; traditional horizontal disk feeder system with selected disk and ring assembly for the cultivar used, modified horizontal disk feeder system equipped with disk and modified ring set selected for the cultivar, and a seed drill with the disk-equipped pneumatic (vacuum) feeder system For cultivation and working at the recommended pressure, all seeders were evaluated at 4 different working speeds, these being 4, 6, 8 and 10 km h-1 . The seed collection process occurred at the exit of the conductive tube, directly to a sample collection bag attached to the tube. After collection, the samples were sent to the laboratory where the following tests were analyzed and performed: seed germination index and seedling length and primary root on germitest paper, electrical conductivity test, hypochlorite and tetrazolium test, where it was feasibility, vigor and physical damage present in its structure were evaluated, being separated and classified by the type of damage, being the three types mechanical, humidity and insect. With these data it was concluded that the seeds presented injuries caused by the action of the dosing mechanisms in the planting operation, the best results obtained in percentage of viability and vigor were observed in the pneumatic dosing system, and the speed is a decisive factor for a good final quality. It was found that as the speed of operation increased, damage rates increased and seed development potential was compromised.
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Palavras-chave
Semeadura mecanizada, Qualidade de sementes, Qualidade de Plantio