Produtividade de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar sob irrigação subsuperficial em área infestada com nematoides e carvão
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Data
2020-02-17
Autores
Alves, Thayane Leonel
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A água é um fator limitante para a produção de cana-de-açúcar, pois o seu consumo varia em função do ciclo da cultura. A irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial faz com que a água seja aplicada no momento necessário e diretamente na raiz, evitando-se perdas. Objetivou-se comparar déficits de irrigação aplicados via gotejamento subsuperficial em cinco cultivares de cana-de-açúcar, na quarta soca, bem como investigar a presença de nematoides e carvão (Ustilago scitaminea) e seus efeitos no rendimento e produção da cultura. O experimento foi conduzido na Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP/FCAV, no qual estudou-se a quarta soca da cana-de-açúcar, iniciando-se em julho de 2018 a julho de 2019. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em Blocos Incompletos Parcialmente Balanceados (BIPB). O experimento consistiu em três fatores sendo a irrigação suplementar, a irrigação deficitária e o sequeiro (não irrigado). Esses fatores foram alocados nas parcelas e as cinco cultivares (CTC4, IACSP93-3046, RB86-7515, IACSP95-5000 e IAC91-1099) foram alocadas nas subparcelas. Foi realizada a análise de variância, a 5% de probabilidade e quando significativo para os efeitos simples e interação, foi realizada a comparação de médias pelo teste t, a 5% de probabilidade. A irrigação por gotejamento subsuperficial neste trabalho proporcionou ganhos em média de 45 t ha-1, em relação ao sequeiro. A cultivar que se destacou foi a CTC4, no regime suplementar, apresentando 21 colmos por metro, obtendo ganhos de 75 t ha-1 a mais que o tratamento não irrigado. A produtividade das cultivares IACSP93-3046 e RB86-7515 foi afetada, devido ao ataque de nematoides e carvão da cana-de-açúcar. As características tecnológicas não apresentaram diferença em função dos manejos de irrigação, nem entre as cultivares. De maneira geral, o sequeiro apresentou melhor qualidade tecnológica, provavelmente em função do tombamento observado na área dos tratamentos irrigados, que apresentaram crescimento acelerado no início e alto perfilhamento, favorecendo o tombamento das touceiras.
In sugarcane production, water is a yield-limiting factor, and water requirements may vary according to crop cycle. Subsurface drip irrigation is an interesting technique that allows water to be delivered directly to the root at sufficient quantities, avoiding loss. This study aimed to assess the effects of three irrigation regimes on subsurface-irrigated five sugarcane cultivars, in the fourth ratoon, as well as to investigate the presence of nematodes and sugarcane smut (Ustilago scitaminea) and their effects on crop yield and production. The experiment was conducted at the São Paulo State University, Brazil, from July 2018 to July 2019. A partially balanced incomplete block design was used, with three treatments (supplemental irrigation, deficit irrigation, and no irrigation) assigned to plots and five cultivars (CTC 4, IACSP93-3046, RB86-7515, IACSP95-5000, and IAC91-1099) assigned to sub-plots. Main and interaction effects were assessed by analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test for pairwise mean comparisons at P < 0.05. Subsurface drip irrigation, in this experiment, increased sugarcane yield by 45 t ha−1 compared to no irrigation. The highest yield was obtained with CTC4 under supplemental irrigation, which was 75 t ha−1 higher than that of non-irrigated. Under supplemental subsurface drip irrigation, CTC4 produced 21 stalks m−1. IACSP93-3046 and RB86-7515 were affected by nematodes and sugarcane smut. Most crop parameters did’t vary between irrigation treatments or cultivars, but, overall, non-irrigated sugarcane had a higher quality. This probably occurred due to the tipping observed in the area, the irrigated treatments obtained an accelerated growth in the beginning and high tillering, favoring the tipping of the clumps.
In sugarcane production, water is a yield-limiting factor, and water requirements may vary according to crop cycle. Subsurface drip irrigation is an interesting technique that allows water to be delivered directly to the root at sufficient quantities, avoiding loss. This study aimed to assess the effects of three irrigation regimes on subsurface-irrigated five sugarcane cultivars, in the fourth ratoon, as well as to investigate the presence of nematodes and sugarcane smut (Ustilago scitaminea) and their effects on crop yield and production. The experiment was conducted at the São Paulo State University, Brazil, from July 2018 to July 2019. A partially balanced incomplete block design was used, with three treatments (supplemental irrigation, deficit irrigation, and no irrigation) assigned to plots and five cultivars (CTC 4, IACSP93-3046, RB86-7515, IACSP95-5000, and IAC91-1099) assigned to sub-plots. Main and interaction effects were assessed by analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test for pairwise mean comparisons at P < 0.05. Subsurface drip irrigation, in this experiment, increased sugarcane yield by 45 t ha−1 compared to no irrigation. The highest yield was obtained with CTC4 under supplemental irrigation, which was 75 t ha−1 higher than that of non-irrigated. Under supplemental subsurface drip irrigation, CTC4 produced 21 stalks m−1. IACSP93-3046 and RB86-7515 were affected by nematodes and sugarcane smut. Most crop parameters did’t vary between irrigation treatments or cultivars, but, overall, non-irrigated sugarcane had a higher quality. This probably occurred due to the tipping observed in the area, the irrigated treatments obtained an accelerated growth in the beginning and high tillering, favoring the tipping of the clumps.
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Palavras-chave
colmos, gotejamento, qualidade tecnológica, quarta soca, regime hídrico, stalk, drip irrigation, crop quality, ratoon fourth, irrigation regime