Caracterização fisiológica, bioquímica e anatômica de algodoeiro herbáceo (Gossypium hirsutum L.var. Latifolium hutch) em função da aplicação foliar de silício.
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Data
2020-02-14
Autores
Silva, Dayane Bortoloto
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O silício tem papel importante nas relações planta-ambiente, resultando em um possível aumento e a melhora nas condições fisiológicas da planta. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, utilizando o delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado. O 1° experimento, teve como objetivo, avaliar o algodoeiro herbáceo, por meio de analise fisiológica, bioquímica e da anatomia foliar, quanto a adubação silicatada, aplicação de cloreto de mepiquat e diminuição da disponibilidade hídrica. Foi utilizado o esquema fatorial 4x2x2, com 4 repetições, sendo os fatores: 4 doses de silicato de cálcio (0; 100; 200 e 400 g ha-1) , 2 sistemas de manejo da altura das plantas (com e sem o uso de cloreto de mepiquat), e 2 níveis de água no solo (capacidade de campo (CC) e 1/3 da capacidade de campo (1/3 CC)). A aplicação do silicato de cálcio e do cloreto de mepiquat foi realizado, aos 30, 45 e 60 dias após a emergência (DAE) da cultura. No 2° experimento, objetivou-se, estudar os efeitos do silicato de cálcio no algodoeiro herbáceo em diferentes regimes hídricos, em esquema fatorial 4x4, com 4 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por 4 doses de silicato de cálcio (0; 100; 200 e 400 g ha-1) e 4 níveis de água (25; 50; 75 e 100% da CC). No primeiro experimento a altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de nós e número de ramos e estruturas reprodutivas aumentou com os níveis de água no solo. Os maiores níveis de fotossíntese líquida ocorreram com a dose de 200 g ha-1 e 70% da CC. A massa seca de folhas, caule e raiz foi maior com aumento da capacidade de campo. O teor de Ca nas folhas aumentou com a disponibilidade de água. As doses de silicato de cálcio aumentaram os teores de Mg nas folhas e no caule. No segundo experimento o aumento nos níveis de água no solo contribuiu para aumento na altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, no número de nós, ramos e de estruturas reprodutivas, e a massa seca total. O índice SPAD diminuiu com o aumento dos níveis de água, aos 65 DAE. A dose de 200 g ha-1 com 70% da CC contribuiu para os maiores níveis de fotossíntese liquida. As doses de silicato de cálcio aumentaram os teores de Mg nas folhas e no caule.
Silicon plays an important role in plant-environment relationships, resulting in a possible increase and improvement in the plant's physiological conditions. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the herbaceous cotton, using physiological, biochemical and leaf anatomy analysis, regarding silicate fertilization, application of mepiquat chloride and reduction of water availability. The 4x2x2 factorial scheme was used, with 4 replications, the factors being: 4 doses of calcium silicate (0; 100; 200 and 400 g ha-1), 2 plant height management systems (with and without the use of mepiquat chloride), and 2 water levels in the soil (field capacity (CC) and 1/3 of field capacity (1/3 CC)). Calcium silicate and mepiquat chloride were applied at 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE). In the 2nd experiment, the objective was to study the effects of calcium silicate on herbaceous cotton in different water regimes, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The treatments consisted of 4 doses of calcium silicate (0; 100; 200 and 400 g ha-1) and 4 water levels (25; 50; 75 and 100% of WC). In the first experiment, plant height, stem diameter, the number of nodes and number of branches and reproductive structures increased with water levels in the soil. The highest levels of liquid photosynthesis occurred with a dose of 200 g ha-1 and 70% of WC. The dry mass of leaves, stem, and root was higher with an increase in field capacity. The Ca content in the leaves increased with the availability of water. The doses of calcium silicate increased the levels of Mg in the leaves and stem. In the second experiment, the increase in water levels in the soil contributed to an increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, branches, and reproductive structures, and total dry mass. The SPAD index decreased with increasing water levels at 65 DAE. The dose of 200 g ha-1 with 70% of CC contributed to the highest levels of liquid photosynthesis. The doses of calcium silicate increased the levels of Mg in the leaves and stem.
Silicon plays an important role in plant-environment relationships, resulting in a possible increase and improvement in the plant's physiological conditions. Two experiments were carried out in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the herbaceous cotton, using physiological, biochemical and leaf anatomy analysis, regarding silicate fertilization, application of mepiquat chloride and reduction of water availability. The 4x2x2 factorial scheme was used, with 4 replications, the factors being: 4 doses of calcium silicate (0; 100; 200 and 400 g ha-1), 2 plant height management systems (with and without the use of mepiquat chloride), and 2 water levels in the soil (field capacity (CC) and 1/3 of field capacity (1/3 CC)). Calcium silicate and mepiquat chloride were applied at 30, 45 and 60 days after crop emergence (DAE). In the 2nd experiment, the objective was to study the effects of calcium silicate on herbaceous cotton in different water regimes, in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with 4 repetitions. The treatments consisted of 4 doses of calcium silicate (0; 100; 200 and 400 g ha-1) and 4 water levels (25; 50; 75 and 100% of WC). In the first experiment, plant height, stem diameter, the number of nodes and number of branches and reproductive structures increased with water levels in the soil. The highest levels of liquid photosynthesis occurred with a dose of 200 g ha-1 and 70% of WC. The dry mass of leaves, stem, and root was higher with an increase in field capacity. The Ca content in the leaves increased with the availability of water. The doses of calcium silicate increased the levels of Mg in the leaves and stem. In the second experiment, the increase in water levels in the soil contributed to an increase in plant height, stem diameter, number of nodes, branches, and reproductive structures, and total dry mass. The SPAD index decreased with increasing water levels at 65 DAE. The dose of 200 g ha-1 with 70% of CC contributed to the highest levels of liquid photosynthesis. The doses of calcium silicate increased the levels of Mg in the leaves and stem.
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Palavras-chave
Cotonicultura, Adubação silicatada, Cloreto de mepiquat, Condições hídricas, Cotoniculture, Silicate fertilization, Mepiquat chloride, Water conditions