Avaliação de painéis de partículas homogêneas empregando-se madeira de hevea brasiliensis e tectona grandis, aglutinadas com adesivo poliuretano derivado de óleo de mamona
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Data
2020-02-18
Autores
Gilio, Caroline Graminha
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Estudos sobre florestas plantadas para aproveitamento de madeiras em vários setores industriais tem se intensificado no mundo. A utilização dessas madeiras no Brasil, além de garantir a sustentabilidade de espécies nativas, possibilita a produção de derivados de madeiras e o amplo emprego na construção civil. A Seringueira (Hevea brasilienses) e Teca (Tectona grandis) representam duas espécies de reflorestamento cultivadas no Brasil e que serão utilizadas neste trabalho para produção de painéis de partículas homogêneas. A Seringueira é utilizada para produção de borracha natural, entretanto, precisam ser substituídas ao final do ciclo de produção (25 a 30 anos) e, as árvores improdutivas são utilizadas para geração de energia. Com relação à Teca, espécie de origem asiática, sua madeira apresenta excelentes características de resistência e durabilidade e vem sendo empregada na construção civil de modo geral e para a produção de móveis. Vale ressaltar, que tanto a Seringueira quanto a Teca, adaptadas às condições edafológicas das regiões em que são reflorestadas, apresentam rápido crescimento e poderiam ser utilizadas para produção de painéis de partículas. Entretanto, para este trabalho, será considerada a utilização dessas espécies com mais de 20 anos, buscando-se avaliar a possibilidade de aproveitamento dessas para a produção de painéis de partículas aglutinadas com adesivo poliuretano derivado de mamona (PU-Mamona). Os painéis produzidos foram avaliados de acordo com NBR 14810 - 1 e 2: 2018 e documentos internacionais para verificação de suas propriedades físicas e mecânicas, bem como, utilizando as técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR). O processo para produção dos painéis se desenvolveu em duas etapas, empregando-se 10% e 5% de PU-Mamona e misturas de madeiras de acordo com os tratamentos propostos. A primeira etapa, denominada de estudos exploratórios, considerou a utilização de dez tratamentos com o objetivo de avaliar uma tendência nas propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis. A segunda etapa se constituiu da produção de três painéis, referente aos tratamentos que propiciaram os melhores resultados para as propriedades de densidades, teor de umidade, inchamento em espessura após 24h, módulo de resistência à flexão estática, módulo de elasticidade e a resistência à tração perpendicular. As análises de FTIR indicaram a presença de prováveis ligações de hidrogênio entre os componentes quando da mistura das madeiras com a resina. Nos estudos realizados, verificou-se que os painéis produzidos com 10% de PU-Mamona apresentaram melhores resultados em comparação aos painéis produzidos com 5% de PU-Mamona devido ao maior recobrimento das partículas pela resina quando em maior quantidade como observado no ensaio de MEV, entretanto, a aplicação dos dois teores de resina possibilitaram boas qualidades aos painéis e classificações de uso de acordo com as exigências propostas pela NBR 14810-2:2018.
Studies on planted forests to use wood in various industrial sectors has intensified in the world. The use of these woods in Brazil, in addition to ensuring the sustainability of native species, enables the production of wood derivatives and wide employment in civil construction. The rubber tree (Hevea brasilienses) and Teca (Tectona grandis) represent two species of reforestation cultivated in Brazil and which are used in this work for the production of particleboards. The rubber tree is used for the production of natural rubber, however, it needs to be replaced at the end of the production cycle (25 to 30 years) and, the unproductive trees are used for power generation. Regarding Teca, a species of Asian origin, its wood has excellent resources of resistance and durability and has been used in civil construction in general and for furniture production. It is worth mentioning that both Seringueira and Teca, adapted to the edaphological conditions of the regions where they are reforested, show quick growth and are used for the production of particleboards. However, for this work, the use of these species with more than 20 years will be considered, looking for the possibility of using them for the production of agglutination panels with castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive (PU-Castor). The panels produced were evaluated according to NBR 14810 - 1 and 2: 2013 and international documents to verify their physical and mechanical properties, as well as, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The process for producing the panels was developed in two stages, using 10% and 5% PU-Castor and mixtures according to the proposed procedures. The first stage, called exploratory studies, considers the use of ten controls in order to evaluate an estimate of the physical and mechanical properties of the panels. The second stage consisted of the production of three panels, referring to the treatments that provided the best results for the properties of densities, moisture content, swelling in thickness after 24 hours, static flexural strength module, elasticity module and perpendicular tensile strength. FTIR analyzes indicated the presence of probable hydrogen bonds between the components when mixing the wood with the resin. In the studies carried out, it was found that the panels produced with 10% PU-Castor presented better results in comparison to the panels produced with 5% PU-Castor due to the greater covering of the particles by the resin when in greater quantity as observed in the SEM test, however, the application of the two resin contents allowed good qualities to the panels and classifications of use in accordance with the requirements proposed by NBR 14810-2: 2018.
Studies on planted forests to use wood in various industrial sectors has intensified in the world. The use of these woods in Brazil, in addition to ensuring the sustainability of native species, enables the production of wood derivatives and wide employment in civil construction. The rubber tree (Hevea brasilienses) and Teca (Tectona grandis) represent two species of reforestation cultivated in Brazil and which are used in this work for the production of particleboards. The rubber tree is used for the production of natural rubber, however, it needs to be replaced at the end of the production cycle (25 to 30 years) and, the unproductive trees are used for power generation. Regarding Teca, a species of Asian origin, its wood has excellent resources of resistance and durability and has been used in civil construction in general and for furniture production. It is worth mentioning that both Seringueira and Teca, adapted to the edaphological conditions of the regions where they are reforested, show quick growth and are used for the production of particleboards. However, for this work, the use of these species with more than 20 years will be considered, looking for the possibility of using them for the production of agglutination panels with castor oil-based polyurethane adhesive (PU-Castor). The panels produced were evaluated according to NBR 14810 - 1 and 2: 2013 and international documents to verify their physical and mechanical properties, as well as, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The process for producing the panels was developed in two stages, using 10% and 5% PU-Castor and mixtures according to the proposed procedures. The first stage, called exploratory studies, considers the use of ten controls in order to evaluate an estimate of the physical and mechanical properties of the panels. The second stage consisted of the production of three panels, referring to the treatments that provided the best results for the properties of densities, moisture content, swelling in thickness after 24 hours, static flexural strength module, elasticity module and perpendicular tensile strength. FTIR analyzes indicated the presence of probable hydrogen bonds between the components when mixing the wood with the resin. In the studies carried out, it was found that the panels produced with 10% PU-Castor presented better results in comparison to the panels produced with 5% PU-Castor due to the greater covering of the particles by the resin when in greater quantity as observed in the SEM test, however, the application of the two resin contents allowed good qualities to the panels and classifications of use in accordance with the requirements proposed by NBR 14810-2: 2018.
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Palavras-chave
Painéis de partículas homogêneas, Seringueira, Teca, Poliuretano, Homogeneous particleboards, Rubber tree, Teak, Polyurethane