Sistema híbrido solar-eólico-biogás incluindo produção, armazenamento e uso dinâmico de hidrogênio
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Data
2020-03-02
Autores
Moura, Carlos Henrique Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A inserção de fontes alternativas e confiáveis de energia na sociedade brasileira vem ganhando destaque e crescente importância, contudo, ainda é um grande desafio, visto que a sociedade ainda é majoritariamente dependente de combustíveis fósseis. Os impactos ambientais causados por eles são prejudiciais à vida humana e ao meio ambiente, além de confirmar a urgência da aplicação de tais tecnologias em diferentes cenários da sociedade. O hidrogênio, como vetor energético, vem ganhando destaque e aplicações dentro dos mais variados setores da sociedade, principalmente no setor de transporte como combustível. Dado ao exposto, esse trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a produção de hidrogênio renovável para uso como combustível veicular. A metodologia para a análise técnica consistiu em obter o consumo de energia elétrica para produção do hidrogênio, para assim com base nos recursos solares, eólicos e de biogás de São Paulo (SP), realizar o balanço energético e desta forma dimensionar o sistema híbrido. Baseado nos resultados técnicos, a metodologia econômica permitiu analisar a viabilidade financeira de implementar o sistema híbrido dimensionado permitindo determinar o nível de investimento, o custo da energia elétrica gerada, o custo do hidrogênio gerado e o período de retorno do investimento. A análise ambiental fundamentou-se em determinar a eficiência ecológica considerando os sistemas geradores de eletricidade para o processo de eletrólise da água. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o sistema híbrido proposto pode ser capaz de fornecer a eletricidade demandada para o processo de eletrólise da água, para produção de hidrogênio e sua compressão. A viabilidade econômica e bom desempenho ecológico são comprovados. Conclui-se que a aplicação de energias renováveis para produção de hidrogênio e eletricidade são viáveis sobre o ponto de vista técnico, econômico e ambiental.
The insertion of alternative and reliable sources of energy in Brazilian society has been gaining prominence and growing importance, however, it is still a great challenge, since society is still mostly dependent on fossil fuels. The environmental impacts caused by them are harmful to human life and the environment, in addition to confirming the urgency of the application of such technologies in different scenarios of society. Hydrogen, as an energy vector, has been gaining prominence and applications within the most varied sectors of society, mainly in the transport sector as a fuel. Given the above, this work aims to analyze the production of renewable hydrogen for use as a vehicle fuel. The methodology for the technical analysis consisted of obtaining the consumption of electric energy for the production of hydrogen, so that, based on the solar, wind and biogas resources of São Paulo (SP), carry out the energy balance and thus dimension the hybrid system. Based on the technical results, the economic methodology made it possible to analyze the financial feasibility of implementing the scaled hybrid system allowing to determine the level of investment, the cost of the electricity generated, the cost of the hydrogen generated and the period of return on investment. The environmental analysis was based on determining the ecological efficiency considering the electricity generating systems for the water electrolysis process. The results obtained show that the proposed hybrid system may be able to supply the electricity required for the water electrolysis process, for the production of hydrogen and its compression. Economic viability and good ecological performance are proven. It is concluded that the application of renewable energies for the production of hydrogen and electricity are feasible from a technical, economic and environmental point of view.
The insertion of alternative and reliable sources of energy in Brazilian society has been gaining prominence and growing importance, however, it is still a great challenge, since society is still mostly dependent on fossil fuels. The environmental impacts caused by them are harmful to human life and the environment, in addition to confirming the urgency of the application of such technologies in different scenarios of society. Hydrogen, as an energy vector, has been gaining prominence and applications within the most varied sectors of society, mainly in the transport sector as a fuel. Given the above, this work aims to analyze the production of renewable hydrogen for use as a vehicle fuel. The methodology for the technical analysis consisted of obtaining the consumption of electric energy for the production of hydrogen, so that, based on the solar, wind and biogas resources of São Paulo (SP), carry out the energy balance and thus dimension the hybrid system. Based on the technical results, the economic methodology made it possible to analyze the financial feasibility of implementing the scaled hybrid system allowing to determine the level of investment, the cost of the electricity generated, the cost of the hydrogen generated and the period of return on investment. The environmental analysis was based on determining the ecological efficiency considering the electricity generating systems for the water electrolysis process. The results obtained show that the proposed hybrid system may be able to supply the electricity required for the water electrolysis process, for the production of hydrogen and its compression. Economic viability and good ecological performance are proven. It is concluded that the application of renewable energies for the production of hydrogen and electricity are feasible from a technical, economic and environmental point of view.
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Palavras-chave
Hidrogênio renovável, Energia solar, Energia eólica, Bioenergia, Sistema híbrido, Renewable hydrogen, Solar energy, Wind energy, Bioenergy, Hybrid system, Hidrogênio como combustível