Tempo, tempo, tempo, tempo... Num outro nível de vínculo o princípio da provisoriedade da medida protetiva de acolhimento institucional: entre a normativa e a realidade
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Data
2020-05-25
Autores
Freitas, Juliana Cintra
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A dissertação objetiva analisar os motivos que interferem na medida protetiva de acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes para efetivar o princípio da provisoriedade preconizada no Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) (BRASIL, 1990), fundamentado na Doutrina de Proteção Integral e reforçado em novos marcos jurídicos (Lei n. 12.010 de 2009 e Lei n. 13.509 de 2017) (BRASIL, 2009, 2017). Diante do contexto político-econômico-social e cultural da realidade brasileira, do acirramento das expressões da Questão Social, do retrocesso das Políticas Sociais pautadas no ideário neoliberal, a indagação que permeia à pesquisa está atrelada aos desafios para concretizar o princípio da provisoriedade do acolhimento institucional de crianças e adolescentes, garantindo lhes a convivência familiar e comunitária, prioritariamente na sua família de origem. Definimos as categorias teóricas: abandono, invisibilidade da criança e do adolescente, acolhimento institucional, provisoriedade, convivência familiar, políticas sociais e o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos (SGD), como pilares da pesquisa desde a investigação até as análises interpretativas, tendo como perspectiva as categorias filosóficas do método crítico. A metodologia foi quantiqualitativa, a qual possibilitou a compreensão dos múltiplos fatores que incidem sobre a questão do acolhimento institucional em um município do interior paulista de grande porte, cenário da pesquisa. Os participantes da pesquisa foram os representantes do SGD, sendo mais especificamente: os Serviços de Acolhimento Institucional para Crianças e Adolescentes (SAICAs), o Poder Judiciário e o Ministério Público (MP). O instrumental utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada, tendo sido elaborado três roteiros norteadores, conforme os participantes: assistentes sociais, psicólogos/as e coordenadores/as dos SAICAs, os profissionais do Poder Judiciário (assistente social, psicólogo/a, juiz/a e promotor/a), famílias de crianças e adolescentes que estão ou já vivenciaram o acolhimento institucional. Os resultados da pesquisa trouxeram indicativos quantitativos e outros qualitativos, a respeito do: tempo de permanência no SAICA; do processo de reintegração familiar, o trabalho social com famílias efetivado pelas equipes e articulado com a rede a fim de viabilizar a reintegração e a provisoriedade do acolhimento institucional. Constatamos que os investimentos do Estado para implementar e reestruturar as Políticas Públicas, ampliar os recursos humanos, promover a articulação do atendimento as famílias em situação de vulnerabilidade social através da Rede Socioassistencial e demais políticas públicas, são de extrema urgência. Disponibilizando mais recursos para prover a proteção às crianças e adolescentes e suas respectivas famílias haverá impacto tanto na prevenção quanto na brevidade da medida protetiva, contribuindo para garantir a convivência familiar. A pesquisa aponta também para necessidade de formação permanente de todos atores envolvidos no SGD, especialmente os profissionais dos SAICAs, fortalecendo a construção de conhecimentos, a ampliação de espaços de debate, reflexão crítica, na direção da defesa de direitos e compreensão dos fundamentos da Doutrina de Proteção Integral.
The dissertation aims to analyze the reasons that interfere in the protective measure of institutional reception of children and adolescents to effect the principle of provisionally advocated in the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) (BRAZIL, 1990), based on the Doctrine of Integral Protection and reinforced in new legal frameworks (Law no 12,010 of 2009 and Law no 13,509 of 2017) (BRAZIL, 2009, 2017).Considering the political-economic-social and cultural context of the Brazilian reality, the intensification of the expressions of the Social Matter, the setback of Social Policies based on the neoliberal ideology, the question that permeates the research is linked to the challenges to concretize the principle of the provisional reception institutionalization of children and adolescents, ensuring family and community coexistence, primarily in their family. We defined the theoretical categories: abandonment, invisibility of children and adolescents, institutional reception, temporariness, family coexistence, social policies and the Rights Guarantee System (SGD), as pillars of research from research to interpretative analyses, having as perspective the philosophical categories of the critical method. The methodology was quantitative and qualitative, which made it possible to understand the multiple factors that affect the issue of institutional care in a large city in the interior of São Paulo, where the research took place. The participants in the research were the representatives of the SGD, more specifically the Institutional Reception Services for Children and Adolescents, (SAICAs), the Judiciary and the Public Ministry (MP). The instrumental used was the semi-structured interview, having been elaborated three guiding scripts, according to the participants: social workers, psychologists and coordinators of the SAICAs, the professionals of the Judiciary (social worker, psychologist, judge / prosecutor), children and adolescents families’ who are or have already experienced institutional care. The research results brought quantitative and other qualitative indications, regarding: length of stay in SAICA; from the family reintegration process, the social work with families carried out by the teams and articulated with the network in order to facilitate the reintegration and the provisionally of institutional care. We found that is an extreme urgency to make the investments by the State to implement and restructure Public Policies, expand human resources, promote the articulation of assistance to families in situations of social vulnerability through the Social Assistance Network and other public policies. Providing more resources to provide protection for children and adolescents and their respective families will have an impact both on prevention and on the brevity of the protective measure, contributing to guarantee the family living. The research also points to the need for permanent training of all actors involved in the SGD, especially professionals from SAICAs, strengthening the construction of knowledge, the expansion of spaces for debate, critical reflection, in the direction of defending rights and understanding the fundamentals of the Doctrine Comprehensive Protection.
The dissertation aims to analyze the reasons that interfere in the protective measure of institutional reception of children and adolescents to effect the principle of provisionally advocated in the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) (BRAZIL, 1990), based on the Doctrine of Integral Protection and reinforced in new legal frameworks (Law no 12,010 of 2009 and Law no 13,509 of 2017) (BRAZIL, 2009, 2017).Considering the political-economic-social and cultural context of the Brazilian reality, the intensification of the expressions of the Social Matter, the setback of Social Policies based on the neoliberal ideology, the question that permeates the research is linked to the challenges to concretize the principle of the provisional reception institutionalization of children and adolescents, ensuring family and community coexistence, primarily in their family. We defined the theoretical categories: abandonment, invisibility of children and adolescents, institutional reception, temporariness, family coexistence, social policies and the Rights Guarantee System (SGD), as pillars of research from research to interpretative analyses, having as perspective the philosophical categories of the critical method. The methodology was quantitative and qualitative, which made it possible to understand the multiple factors that affect the issue of institutional care in a large city in the interior of São Paulo, where the research took place. The participants in the research were the representatives of the SGD, more specifically the Institutional Reception Services for Children and Adolescents, (SAICAs), the Judiciary and the Public Ministry (MP). The instrumental used was the semi-structured interview, having been elaborated three guiding scripts, according to the participants: social workers, psychologists and coordinators of the SAICAs, the professionals of the Judiciary (social worker, psychologist, judge / prosecutor), children and adolescents families’ who are or have already experienced institutional care. The research results brought quantitative and other qualitative indications, regarding: length of stay in SAICA; from the family reintegration process, the social work with families carried out by the teams and articulated with the network in order to facilitate the reintegration and the provisionally of institutional care. We found that is an extreme urgency to make the investments by the State to implement and restructure Public Policies, expand human resources, promote the articulation of assistance to families in situations of social vulnerability through the Social Assistance Network and other public policies. Providing more resources to provide protection for children and adolescents and their respective families will have an impact both on prevention and on the brevity of the protective measure, contributing to guarantee the family living. The research also points to the need for permanent training of all actors involved in the SGD, especially professionals from SAICAs, strengthening the construction of knowledge, the expansion of spaces for debate, critical reflection, in the direction of defending rights and understanding the fundamentals of the Doctrine Comprehensive Protection.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Crianças, Adolescentes, Famílias, Acolhimento institucional, Provisoriedade, Reintegração familiar, Proteção social, Children, Adolescents, Families, Institutional reception, Provisionally, Family reintegration, Social protection