Avaliação da produção de biomassa e clorofila pela microalga Chlorella minutissima em presença de fármacos antimicrobianos
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Data
2020-07-22
Autores
Luche, Daniela Ercole Dale
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Efluentes domésticos são compostos por fármacos capazes de promover a resistência microbiana, portanto precisam ser tratados antes de serem despejados em solo ambiental, e o uso de microalgas surge como alternativa sustentável, pois estes microrganismos têm a capacidade de absorver matéria orgânica acumulada. Deste modo, este estudo objetivou cultivar a microalga Chlorella minutissima em presença de fármacos antimicrobianos sob condições controladas para prevenir a contaminação do cultivo por fungos e bactérias, visando a produção de biomassa diante do método de Taguchi. Foram realizados três experimentos testes: dois em arranjos ortogonais L4 para avaliar a influência de diferentes fontes de carbono na de produção de biomassa e para aferir a eficiência na inibição de bactérias no cultivo por meio de antibióticos e, um em arranjo ortogonal L8 para conferir total inibição de fungos contaminantes no cultivo. O primeiro experimento indicou que a aeração e o mel contribuíram no aumento da produção de clorofila a. Já no segundo experimento, o crescimento da microalga foi independente das condições experimentais. Entretanto, no terceiro experimento, o cultivo em presença do antibiótico Ceftriaxona promoveu a contaminação do meio de cultivo por fungos. Por isso, foram realizados testes com adição de antifúngicos. O único antifúngico que não interferiu na coloração do cultivo quando interagido com o antibiótico Ceftriaxona foi o Fluconazol. Portanto, realizou-se um experimento para avaliar o cultivo da C. minutissima em presença deste fármaco, o qual indicou que a microalga utilizou a glicose como fonte de carbono orgânico. As maiores concentrações de clorofila a e b foram, respectivamente, 9,43 mg.L -1 e 13,34 mg.L -1 . As fontes de CO2 contribuíram para as maiores queimas de biomassa (81,75% e 78,98%) durante a análise termogravimétrica, fato que está relacionado com a perda de umidade e degradação térmica do produto. A ANOVA indicou que a iluminação, o Fluconazol e a Glicose são relevantes com Fcalc ≥ 2 para produzir clorofila a. Diante desses resultados, pôde-se concluir que o método de Taguchi auxiliou no melhor ajuste das variáveis respostas, indicando que os fármacos utilizados, além de inibirem a contaminação do meio de cultivo, proporcionam a produção de biomassa.
Domestic effluents are composed of drugs capable of promoting microbial resistance, therefore it need to be treated before being discharged into environmental soil, and use microalgae appears as a sustainable alternative, as these microorganisms have capacity to absorb accumulated organic matter. Thus, this study aimed to grow the microalgae Chlorella minutissima in presence of antimicrobial drugs under controlled conditions to prevent contamination of the cultivation by fungi and bacteria, aiming at the production of biomass under Taguchi method. Three test experiments were carried out: two in L4 orthogonal arrangements to assess the influence of different carbon sources on biomass production and to measure the efficiency in inhibiting bacteria in cultivation by means of antibiotics, and one in L8 orthogonal arrangement to check total inhibition of contaminating fungi in cultivation. The first experiment indicated that aeration and honey contributed to increase in chlorophyll a production. In the second experiment, growth of microalgae was independent of the experimental conditions. However, in the third experiment, cultivation in presence of the antibiotic Ceftriaxone promoted contamination of the culture medium by fungi. Therefore, tests were performed with addition of antifungals. The only antifungal that did not interfere with the color of culture when interacted with the antibiotic Ceftriaxone was Fluconazole. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the cultivation of C. minutissima in presence of this drug, which indicated that microalgae used glucose as a source organic carbon. The highest concentrations of chlorophyll a and b were, respectively, 9.43 mg.L-1 and 13.34 mg.L-1 . CO2 sources contributed to largest biomass burns (81.75% and 78.98%) during thermogravimetric analysis, a fact that is related to loss of moisture and thermal degradation of the product. ANOVA indicated that lighting, Fluconazole and Glucose are relevant with Fcalc ≥ 2 to produce chlorophyll a. In view of these results, it could be concluded that the Taguchi method helped to better adjust the response variables, indicating that drugs used, in addition to inhibiting contamination of the culture medium, provide biomass production
Domestic effluents are composed of drugs capable of promoting microbial resistance, therefore it need to be treated before being discharged into environmental soil, and use microalgae appears as a sustainable alternative, as these microorganisms have capacity to absorb accumulated organic matter. Thus, this study aimed to grow the microalgae Chlorella minutissima in presence of antimicrobial drugs under controlled conditions to prevent contamination of the cultivation by fungi and bacteria, aiming at the production of biomass under Taguchi method. Three test experiments were carried out: two in L4 orthogonal arrangements to assess the influence of different carbon sources on biomass production and to measure the efficiency in inhibiting bacteria in cultivation by means of antibiotics, and one in L8 orthogonal arrangement to check total inhibition of contaminating fungi in cultivation. The first experiment indicated that aeration and honey contributed to increase in chlorophyll a production. In the second experiment, growth of microalgae was independent of the experimental conditions. However, in the third experiment, cultivation in presence of the antibiotic Ceftriaxone promoted contamination of the culture medium by fungi. Therefore, tests were performed with addition of antifungals. The only antifungal that did not interfere with the color of culture when interacted with the antibiotic Ceftriaxone was Fluconazole. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to evaluate the cultivation of C. minutissima in presence of this drug, which indicated that microalgae used glucose as a source organic carbon. The highest concentrations of chlorophyll a and b were, respectively, 9.43 mg.L-1 and 13.34 mg.L-1 . CO2 sources contributed to largest biomass burns (81.75% and 78.98%) during thermogravimetric analysis, a fact that is related to loss of moisture and thermal degradation of the product. ANOVA indicated that lighting, Fluconazole and Glucose are relevant with Fcalc ≥ 2 to produce chlorophyll a. In view of these results, it could be concluded that the Taguchi method helped to better adjust the response variables, indicating that drugs used, in addition to inhibiting contamination of the culture medium, provide biomass production
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Palavras-chave
Antibióticos, Antifúngicos, Delineamento de experimentos, Biomassa, Antibiotics, Antifungals, Design of experiments, Biomass, Antibacterianos, Taguchi, Métodos (Controle de Qualidade)