Crítica da função social do microcrédito: ideologia do empreendedor e empoderamento
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Data
2020-05-29
Autores
Santiago, Carlos Otávio [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta tese procura desenvolver os conceitos de empreendedor e de empoderamento e associá-los ao incentivo de tomada de microcrédito para que este tenha uma função social, qual seja a de erradicar a pobreza e o desemprego. Desenvolvemos a hipótese de que a utilização do conceito de empreendedor e empoderamento são aspectos ideológicos que não cumprem com os objetivos do microcrédito de possuir uma função social e de erradicar a pobreza e o desemprego. Para isso, descrevemos historicamente o desenvolvimento do conceito de empreendedor e o associamos à concepção de Schumpeter sobre o termo para poder situá-lo no campo científico. O mesmo método é utilizado para o empoderamento, partindo das lutas por direitos civis dos negros norte-americanos e da etimologia da palavra empowerment para apresentar a hipótese de que o termo empoderamento, em suas mais diversas versões, nada tem de emancipação e autonomia, como pregam seus utilizadores (governos e movimentos sociais). Para isso, associamos o conceito de empowerment ao de conscientização desenvolvido por Paulo Freire para apresentar o aspecto ideológico do empoderamento. A literatura sobre microcrédito no Brasil não permite uma análise crítica e realista, ou seja, de acesso a crédito por parte daqueles que são classificados como vulneráveis sociais, “novos pobres” e pobres. Destarte, quanto se associa o acesso ao microcrédito como forma de empreendedorismo e empoderamento, governos e movimentos sociais apenas usam de uma retórica ideológica para manter a tensão poder/impotência entre os que oferecem a solução e aqueles que dela necessitam. Por fim, a hipótese de que não existe uma função social do microcrédito pautado no empreendedor e empoderamento é apresentada.
This thesis seeks to develop the concept of entrepreneurial and empowerment and to associate it with the incentive to take microcredit so that it has a social function and eradicate poverty and unemployment. We developed the hypothesis that the use of the concept of entrepreneur and empowerment are ideological aspects that do not fulfill the objectives of microcredit to have a social function and eradicate poverty and unemployment. For this, we have historically described the development of the concept of entrepreneur and associated it with Schumpeter's conception of the term in order to situate it in the scientific field. The same method is used for empowerment based on the struggle for civil rights of North American blacks and the etymology of the word empowerment to present the hypothesis that the term empowerment, in its most diverse versions, has nothing of emancipation and autonomy that preaches its users (governments and social movements). For this, we associate the concept of empowerment with that of awareness developed by Paulo Freire to present the ideological aspect of empowerment. The microcredit literature in Brazil does not allow a critical and realistic analysis of this form of access to credit by those who are classified as social vulnerable, “new poor” and poor. Thus, when this access to microcredit is associated with entrepreneurship and empowerment, governments and social movements only use an ideological rhetoric to maintain the power / impotence tension between those who offer the solution and those who need it. Finally, the hypothesis that there is no social function of microcredit based on the entrepreneur and empowerment is presented.
This thesis seeks to develop the concept of entrepreneurial and empowerment and to associate it with the incentive to take microcredit so that it has a social function and eradicate poverty and unemployment. We developed the hypothesis that the use of the concept of entrepreneur and empowerment are ideological aspects that do not fulfill the objectives of microcredit to have a social function and eradicate poverty and unemployment. For this, we have historically described the development of the concept of entrepreneur and associated it with Schumpeter's conception of the term in order to situate it in the scientific field. The same method is used for empowerment based on the struggle for civil rights of North American blacks and the etymology of the word empowerment to present the hypothesis that the term empowerment, in its most diverse versions, has nothing of emancipation and autonomy that preaches its users (governments and social movements). For this, we associate the concept of empowerment with that of awareness developed by Paulo Freire to present the ideological aspect of empowerment. The microcredit literature in Brazil does not allow a critical and realistic analysis of this form of access to credit by those who are classified as social vulnerable, “new poor” and poor. Thus, when this access to microcredit is associated with entrepreneurship and empowerment, governments and social movements only use an ideological rhetoric to maintain the power / impotence tension between those who offer the solution and those who need it. Finally, the hypothesis that there is no social function of microcredit based on the entrepreneur and empowerment is presented.
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Palavras-chave
Microcrédito, Empoderamento, Empreendedor, Conscientização, Empowerment, Microcredit, Entrepreneur, Awareness