Estudo soroepidemiológico de brucelose, leptospirose, toxoplasmose, leishmaniose e tripanossomíase em javalis (Sus scrofa) de vida livre no Estado de São Paulo
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Data
2020-06-05
Autores
Carraro, Paulo Eduardo
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os javalis (Sus scrofa) são mamíferos considerados uma espécie exótica invasora, uma vez que podem causar prejuízos à produção agropecuária e problemas à saúde pública. Embora possam ser potenciais reservatórios de diversos micro-organismos, os dados sobre a soroprevalência das enfermidades zoonóticas ainda são escassos no Brasil. Por essa razão, o presente trabalho objetivou estudar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum e Trypanosoma cruzi em javalis de vida livre no Estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, 92 amostras de soro sanguíneo foram coletadas de javalis das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-oeste do Estado de São Paulo e foram submetidas aos testes do antígeno acidificado tamponado para Brucella spp., da soroaglutinação microscópica para Leptospira spp. e da reação de imunofluorescência indireta para pesquisa de anticorpos contra T. gondii, L. infantum e T. cruzi. Foram realizados a taxa de soroprevalência, os fatores de risco associados à ocorrência de anticorpos contra os agentes estudados (por meio da análise univariada, com o cálculo da razão de prevalência e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95 % e teste de χ² ou exato de Fisher. Além do geoprocessamento do local que o animal foi abatido. Os resultados evidenciaram que 54,3 % (50/92) eram fêmeas e 50 % (46/92) dos javalis apresentavam idade jovem. As soroprevalências e os títulos de anticorpos encontrados foram 0 % para Brucella spp.; 10,87 % (10/92) para T. gondii, com títulos entre 40 e 640; 1,08 % (1/92) para Leptospira spp., reagindo apenas ao sorogrupo Sejroe e ao sorovar Unesp03, com titulação de 100; 63,04 % (58/92) para L. infantum, com titulação de 40 a 640, e 60,86 % (56/92) para T. cruzi, com titulação de 40 a 160. Na região do presente estudo, a frequência de anticorpos contra T. gondii e Leptospira spp. mostrou-se baixa. Não houve animais reagentes aos anticorpos contra Brucella spp. Para L. infantum e T. cruzi, houve alta e semelhante ocorrência de anticorpos, sugerindo ser uma reação cruzada entre ambos, havendo necessidade de diagnóstico comprobatório. Apenas a ocorrência de anticorpos contra L. infantum foi associada ao município. As variáveis gênero, idade e município foram igualmente associadas à ocorrência de anticorpos contra os demais agentes estudados.
Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are mammals considered an invasive alien species, since they can cause damage to agricultural production and problems to public health. Although they may be potential reservoirs for several microorganisms, data on the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases are still scarce in Brazil. For this reason, the present study aimed to study the occurrence of antibodies against Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi in wild boars in the State of São Paulo. For this purpose, 92 blood serum samples were collected from wild boar in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions of the State of São Paulo and were subjected to tests of the acidified buffered antigen for Brucella spp. Of microscopic serum agglutination for Leptospira spp. and the indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibodies against T. gondii, L. infantum and T. cruzi. The seroprevalence rate, the risk factors associated with the occurrence of antibodies against the agents studied were performed (through univariate analysis, with the calculation of the prevalence ratio and its respective 95 % confidence interval and χ² or exact test Fisher. In addition to the geoprocessing of the place where the animal was slaughtered. The results showed that 54.3 % (50/92) were female and 50 % (46/92) of the wild boar were young. The seroprevalence and antibody titers found were 0 % for Brucella spp.; 10.87 % (10/92) for T. gondii, with titles between 40 and 640; 1.08 % (1/92) for Leptospira spp., reacting only to serogroup Sejroe and serovar Unesp03, with a titration of 100; 63.04 % (58/92) for L. infantum, with titration from 40 to 640, and 60.86 % (56/92) for T. cruzi, with titration from 40 to 160. In the region of the present study, the frequency of antibodies against T. gondii and Leptospira spp. proved to be low. There were no animals reactive to antibodies against Brucella spp. For L. infantum and T. cruzi, there was a high and similar occurrence of antibodies, suggesting that it is a cross reaction between both, requiring a supporting diagnosis. Only the occurrence of antibodies against L. infantum was associated with the municipality. The variables gender, age and municipality were also associated with the occurrence of antibodies against the other agents studied.
Wild boars (Sus scrofa) are mammals considered an invasive alien species, since they can cause damage to agricultural production and problems to public health. Although they may be potential reservoirs for several microorganisms, data on the seroprevalence of zoonotic diseases are still scarce in Brazil. For this reason, the present study aimed to study the occurrence of antibodies against Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Leishmania infantum and Trypanosoma cruzi in wild boars in the State of São Paulo. For this purpose, 92 blood serum samples were collected from wild boar in the North, Northeast and Midwest regions of the State of São Paulo and were subjected to tests of the acidified buffered antigen for Brucella spp. Of microscopic serum agglutination for Leptospira spp. and the indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibodies against T. gondii, L. infantum and T. cruzi. The seroprevalence rate, the risk factors associated with the occurrence of antibodies against the agents studied were performed (through univariate analysis, with the calculation of the prevalence ratio and its respective 95 % confidence interval and χ² or exact test Fisher. In addition to the geoprocessing of the place where the animal was slaughtered. The results showed that 54.3 % (50/92) were female and 50 % (46/92) of the wild boar were young. The seroprevalence and antibody titers found were 0 % for Brucella spp.; 10.87 % (10/92) for T. gondii, with titles between 40 and 640; 1.08 % (1/92) for Leptospira spp., reacting only to serogroup Sejroe and serovar Unesp03, with a titration of 100; 63.04 % (58/92) for L. infantum, with titration from 40 to 640, and 60.86 % (56/92) for T. cruzi, with titration from 40 to 160. In the region of the present study, the frequency of antibodies against T. gondii and Leptospira spp. proved to be low. There were no animals reactive to antibodies against Brucella spp. For L. infantum and T. cruzi, there was a high and similar occurrence of antibodies, suggesting that it is a cross reaction between both, requiring a supporting diagnosis. Only the occurrence of antibodies against L. infantum was associated with the municipality. The variables gender, age and municipality were also associated with the occurrence of antibodies against the other agents studied.
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Palavras-chave
Anticorpos, Antígeno acidificado tamponado, Reação de imunofluorescência indireta, Saúde pública, Soroaglutinação microscópica, Zoonoses