O saneamento básico e a agência reguladora: um estudo de caso sobre a agência reguladora de saneamento e energia do estado de São Paulo (ARSESP)
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Data
2020-08-28
Autores
Costa, Maíra Martins
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com o plano de desestatização, o Estado assumiu nova postura no cenário nacional. Acompanhando o desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento das funções inerentes ao Estado, surgiram as agências reguladoras, instituições com independência e autonomia, sob a forma jurídica de autarquias, para, dentre outras funções, regular a delegação dos serviços públicos. Neste contexto, as agências reguladoras surgem com grande aceitação social, legitimidade e representando um órgão despolitizado, sobretudo em um período marcado pelo descrédito do Poder Executivo. O estudo objetivou analisar o papel de uma agência reguladora de saneamento básico para a execução e implementação da política de saneamento. A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de uma revisão de literatura sobre a reforma do Estado no Brasil e algumas experiências internacionais, resultando no surgimento das agências reguladoras. Na sequência, foi realizado um estudo bibliográfico do saneamento básico enquanto direito de todos e dever do Estado. A partir de seu marco regulatório, previsto na Lei n.º 11.445/2007, foram explorados os princípios e a evolução do saneamento básico no Brasil do PLANASA ao PLANSAB, as diretrizes federais do saneamento básico e os planos municipais de saneamento. Após o levantamento bibliográfico, foi realizado um estudo de caso na ARSESP, por meio de questionário e entrevista, com ênfase na universalização dos serviços, o planejamento das políticas de saneamento básico, a intersetorialidade e articulação com outras políticas, o controle social e a fiscalização enquanto atribuição institucional da agência reguladora. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, o papel da agência está muito aquém do esperado para a concretização efetiva da política de saneamento, notadamente pela ausência de dados disponíveis, com insignificante interação com os usuários, evidenciando uma crise de legitimidade da agência reguladora, por uma intrínseca relação com a companhia prestadora dos serviços.
Taking into consideration the plan of privatization, the State has taken a new position in the national scenario. Accompanying the development and improvement of the functions inherent to the State, regulatory agencies have emerged, instituitions with both independence and authonomy, under the legal form of autonomous government organizations, for, among other functions, regulating the public services delegation. In this context, regulatory agencies emerge with great social acceptance, legitimately, and representing a depoliticized organization, over all in a period marked by the disrepute of the Executive Power. This study aimed to analyze the role of a basic sanitation regulatory agency for the execution and implementation of the sanitation policy. The research was carried out from a literature revision on the reformo f the State in Brazil and some international experiences, resulting in the emergence of regulatory agencies. Following this revision, a bibliographic study of basic sanitation was conducted as everyone’s right and a duty of the State, based on its regulatory framework, provided in Law No. 11,445 / 2007. The principles and evolution of basic sanitation in Brazil from PLANASA to PLANSAB, the federal basic sanitation guidelines and the municipal sanitation plans, the constitutional powers, and the basic sanitation regulation were explored. After the bibliographical research, a case study was carried out at ARSESP, through a questionnaire and interview, with an emphasis on the universalization of services, the planning of basic sanitation policies, the intersectorality and articulation with other policies, the social control and inspection as the institutional assignment of the regulatory agency. According to the results obtained, the agency's role is insufficient and far from what was expected for the effective implementation of the sanitation policy, notably due to the lack of available data, the insignificant interaction with users, evidencing a crisis of legitimacy of the regulatory agency, by an intrinsic relationship with the company providing the services.
Taking into consideration the plan of privatization, the State has taken a new position in the national scenario. Accompanying the development and improvement of the functions inherent to the State, regulatory agencies have emerged, instituitions with both independence and authonomy, under the legal form of autonomous government organizations, for, among other functions, regulating the public services delegation. In this context, regulatory agencies emerge with great social acceptance, legitimately, and representing a depoliticized organization, over all in a period marked by the disrepute of the Executive Power. This study aimed to analyze the role of a basic sanitation regulatory agency for the execution and implementation of the sanitation policy. The research was carried out from a literature revision on the reformo f the State in Brazil and some international experiences, resulting in the emergence of regulatory agencies. Following this revision, a bibliographic study of basic sanitation was conducted as everyone’s right and a duty of the State, based on its regulatory framework, provided in Law No. 11,445 / 2007. The principles and evolution of basic sanitation in Brazil from PLANASA to PLANSAB, the federal basic sanitation guidelines and the municipal sanitation plans, the constitutional powers, and the basic sanitation regulation were explored. After the bibliographical research, a case study was carried out at ARSESP, through a questionnaire and interview, with an emphasis on the universalization of services, the planning of basic sanitation policies, the intersectorality and articulation with other policies, the social control and inspection as the institutional assignment of the regulatory agency. According to the results obtained, the agency's role is insufficient and far from what was expected for the effective implementation of the sanitation policy, notably due to the lack of available data, the insignificant interaction with users, evidencing a crisis of legitimacy of the regulatory agency, by an intrinsic relationship with the company providing the services.
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Palavras-chave
Agência Reguladora, Saneamento básico, Desenvolvimento social, Controle Social, Regulatory agency, Basic sanitation, Social development, Social control