“Espaço do Povo”: ethos e estereótipos no discurso do jornal comunitário de Paraisópolis
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Data
2020-11-27
Autores
Jurkovich, Jaqueline
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste trabalho, a partir do aparato teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, com ênfase nas reflexões de Dominique Maingueneau sobre os discursos, analisa-se o ethos discursivo do “Espaço do Povo”, jornal comunitário de Paraisópolis, a segunda maior favela da cidade de São Paulo. Do ponto de vista em questão, o ethos diz respeito à imagem que o enunciador projeta de si em seu discurso pelo modo como enuncia. Assim, não se trata exatamente do que o enunciador diz a respeito de si, mas das características psicológicas que projeta pelo modo de se exprimir. Por meio do ethos, trata-se de identificar a imagem do enunciador desse discurso e do universo em que ele se encontra, observando, para isso, certos indícios textuais de ordens diversas, como temas, léxico, marcas de interpelação do sujeito e marcas de oralidade. Ademais, observa-se a corporalidade mostrada, que também colabora para a identificação do ethos do enunciador do “Espaço do Povo”. A partir disso, por se tratar de um jornal comunitário, isto é, de um jornal escrito pela e para a comunidade, nota-se que as imagens de Paraisópolis e de seus moradores devem estar distantes das imagens estereotipadas sobre a população carente e sobre a periferia das grandes cidades que circulam em outros tipos de discurso. A análise revela que o jornal aborda temas relacionados ao coletivo da comunidade, bem como seus projetos e eventos culturais, dicas de saúde, informação, entre outros, reservando pouco espaço para temas de cunho negativo, como tragédias e problemas habitacionais. Com isso, percebe-se que a corporalidade mostrada do “Espaço do Povo” reflete o morador de Paraisópolis como alguém ativo e engajado, que participa integralmente da sua comunidade, não sendo agente nem vítima de violência. A análise também revela que o jornal está dividido em dois tons: um tom informal e de proximidade, relacionado às matérias produzidas por integrantes da comunidade, e um tom didático, relacionado às matérias produzidas por especialistas de fora que escrevem para o jornal.
Based on the theoretical and methodological theories of French line Discourse Analysis and focusing on Dominique Maingueneau's reflections, this paper analyzes the discursive ethos of a community newspaper called “Espaço do Povo” based in Paraisópolis, the second largest favela in São Paulo city. From this point of view, ethos is the speaker's image projected into his/her own discourse through the way he/she speaks. Thus, it's not only about what the speaker says about him or herself, but also about his/her psychological characteristics projected in the way he/she speaks. Thereby, ethos is what enables us to identify both the image of this speaker from his/her discourse and the context in which he/she is placed by observing various textual characteristics, such as lexicon and subject's interpellation and orality marks, and the corporeality, which contributes to the identification of the ethos of the “Espaço do Povo” newspaper’s speaker. For this reason, considering it is a community newspaper (a newspaper written by and for the community), it was observed that these images should be distant from the stereotyped images of the needy population and the periphery of the big cities which is commonly present in other types of discourse. The analysis revealed that the newspaper addresses topics related to the collective whole of the community, as well as its projects, cultural events, health tips, information, among others, providing a limited space for themes that arise negative impressions, such as tragedies and housing problems. Therefore, the corporeality shown on “Espaço do Povo” conceives the local resident as active and engaged, someone who is fully involved with his/her community, and not an agent or victim of violence. The analysis also showed that the newspaper is divided into two tones: an informal tone that represents proximity, related to the articles produced by the members of the community, and a didactic tone, related to the articles produced by outside experts who write for the newspaper.
Based on the theoretical and methodological theories of French line Discourse Analysis and focusing on Dominique Maingueneau's reflections, this paper analyzes the discursive ethos of a community newspaper called “Espaço do Povo” based in Paraisópolis, the second largest favela in São Paulo city. From this point of view, ethos is the speaker's image projected into his/her own discourse through the way he/she speaks. Thus, it's not only about what the speaker says about him or herself, but also about his/her psychological characteristics projected in the way he/she speaks. Thereby, ethos is what enables us to identify both the image of this speaker from his/her discourse and the context in which he/she is placed by observing various textual characteristics, such as lexicon and subject's interpellation and orality marks, and the corporeality, which contributes to the identification of the ethos of the “Espaço do Povo” newspaper’s speaker. For this reason, considering it is a community newspaper (a newspaper written by and for the community), it was observed that these images should be distant from the stereotyped images of the needy population and the periphery of the big cities which is commonly present in other types of discourse. The analysis revealed that the newspaper addresses topics related to the collective whole of the community, as well as its projects, cultural events, health tips, information, among others, providing a limited space for themes that arise negative impressions, such as tragedies and housing problems. Therefore, the corporeality shown on “Espaço do Povo” conceives the local resident as active and engaged, someone who is fully involved with his/her community, and not an agent or victim of violence. The analysis also showed that the newspaper is divided into two tones: an informal tone that represents proximity, related to the articles produced by the members of the community, and a didactic tone, related to the articles produced by outside experts who write for the newspaper.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Análise do discurso, Jornalismo comunitário, Ethos, Estereótipos, Paraisópolis, Espaço do Povo, Discourse analysis, Community newspaper, Stereotype