Crescimento inicial e nutrição mineral de plantas de moringa oleifera adubadas com nitrogênio e potássio
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Data
2020-07-31
Autores
Silva, Bianca Cavalcante da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A Moringa oleifera é uma planta conhecida pelas suas múltiplas utilidades e por apresentar grande potencial nutritivo para alimentação humana e animal. No entanto, poucos são os trabalhos com essa cultura, principalmente os relacionados a nutrição mineral da moringa. Portanto, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento inicial e a nutrição mineral das plantas de moringa em função das doses de nitrogênio e potássio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 4 baseados em duas doses de nitrogênio (0 e 100 mg kg -1) e quatro doses de potássio (0, 110, 190, 265 mg kg-1) em quatro repetições. As plantas foram cultivadas em vaso de 9 kg dm³ de solo. O crescimento da moringa foi favorecido pela fertilização de N, a interação N e K resultou no descréscimo do diâmetro do caule. A presença de N também favoreceu a massa seca total e os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Fe e Zn no folíolo, pecíolo, caule e raiz, exceto para o K no caule e na raiz que naõ obtiveram difereça estatistica. A interação K x Mg inibiu a absorção de Mg. A disponibilidade de 100 mg kg-1 de N foi o principal fator que influenciou positivamente no crescimento e nutrição mineral das plantas de moringa. As doses de K não diferenciaram-se entre si para maioria das variáveis, portanto o teor no solo foi suficiente para garantir as funções fisiológicas e bioquímicas da planta, podendo supor que a utilização de potássio para os processos bioquímicos deve ser baixa em específico para essa cultura. A extração de K é alta em moringa, porém a sua omissão não causa danos a produção de massa seca total. O nitrogênio e o potássio foram os macronutrientes mais acumulados nas mudas de moringa, seguidos pelo cálcio, enxofre, magnésio e fósforo. Os micronutrientes mais acumulados foram Fe seguido de Mn, Zn e Cu.
Moringa oleifera is a plant known for its multiple uses and for presenting great nutritional potential for human and animal food. However, there are few works with this culture, especially those related to mineral nutrition of moringa. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the initial growth and mineral nutrition of moringa plants as a function of nitrogen and potassium doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme based on two doses of nitrogen (0 and 100 mg kg -1) and four doses of potassium (0, 110, 190, 265 mg kg -1) in four repetitions. The plants were grown in a 9 kg dm³ pot of soil. The growth of the moringa was favored by the fertilization of N, the interaction N and K resulted in the decrease of the stem diameter. The presence of N also favored the total dry mass and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn in the leaflet, petiole, stem and root, except for K in the stem and in root that they did not obtain differs statistically. The K x Mg interaction inhibited the absorption of Mg. The availability of 100 mg kg-1 of N was the main factor that positively influenced the growth and mineral nutrition of moringa plants. The K doses did not differ for most variables, so the soil content was sufficient to guarantee the physiological and biochemical functions of the plant, and it can be assumed that the use of potassium for biochemical processes must be low in specific to that culture. K extraction is high in moringa, but its omission does not cause damage to the total dry mass production. Nitrogen and potassium were the most accumulated macronutrients in moringa seedlings, followed by calcium, sulfur, magnesium and phosphorus. The most accumulated micronutrients were Fe followed by Mn, Zn and Cu.
Moringa oleifera is a plant known for its multiple uses and for presenting great nutritional potential for human and animal food. However, there are few works with this culture, especially those related to mineral nutrition of moringa. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the initial growth and mineral nutrition of moringa plants as a function of nitrogen and potassium doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in a 2 x 4 factorial scheme based on two doses of nitrogen (0 and 100 mg kg -1) and four doses of potassium (0, 110, 190, 265 mg kg -1) in four repetitions. The plants were grown in a 9 kg dm³ pot of soil. The growth of the moringa was favored by the fertilization of N, the interaction N and K resulted in the decrease of the stem diameter. The presence of N also favored the total dry mass and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn in the leaflet, petiole, stem and root, except for K in the stem and in root that they did not obtain differs statistically. The K x Mg interaction inhibited the absorption of Mg. The availability of 100 mg kg-1 of N was the main factor that positively influenced the growth and mineral nutrition of moringa plants. The K doses did not differ for most variables, so the soil content was sufficient to guarantee the physiological and biochemical functions of the plant, and it can be assumed that the use of potassium for biochemical processes must be low in specific to that culture. K extraction is high in moringa, but its omission does not cause damage to the total dry mass production. Nitrogen and potassium were the most accumulated macronutrients in moringa seedlings, followed by calcium, sulfur, magnesium and phosphorus. The most accumulated micronutrients were Fe followed by Mn, Zn and Cu.
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Palavras-chave
Adubação nitrogenada, Moringaceae, Moringa Oleifera, Teores de Nutrientes, Mudas