Ruído ocupacional: risco de exposição dos operadores em sistemas mecanizados de colheita da madeira
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Data
2021-03-16
Autores
Camargo, Diego Aparecido
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na colheita mecanizada de madeira podem ocorrer distúrbios laborais na execução das operações que compõem os diferentes tipos de sistemas, sobretudo, o agente físico ruído ocupacional. Deste modo, objetivou-se investigar se os níveis de ruído ocupacional aos quais operadores de máquinas florestais autopropelidas são expostos durante as operações de colheita mecanizada de madeira, em sistemas de árvores inteiras e em sistemas de toras curtas, estão em consonância com a legislação vigente brasileira para fins trabalhistas. Foram considerados 39 operadores de máquinas florestais autopropelidas que operavam em florestas plantadas com os gêneros de Eucalyptus e Pinus. Seguindo o critério de medição de dia inteiro conforme diretrizes da ISO 9612:2009, foram coletados níveis de ruído emitidos durante as operações de colheita mecanizada de madeira. Conseguinte, pautando-se nos limites recomendados pelas Norma Regulamentadora N. 9 e Norma Regulamentadora N. 15, os níveis de ruído ocupacional foram analisados. Ademais, para validação das hipóteses estatísticas, os operadores foram dispostos em grupos homogêneos. No sistema de árvores inteiras 41,2% dos operadores foram expostos a níveis de ruído ocupacional superiores ao nível de ação de 80 dB(A) e os outros 58,8% expostos a níveis que excederam limite de exposição de 85 dB(A). No sistema de toras curtas, 81,8% dos operadores foram expostos a níveis de ruído ocupacional superiores ao nível de ação e os outros 18,2% expostos a níveis que excederam limite de exposição. Concluiu-se que os níveis de ruído ocupacionais aos quais operadores de máquinas florestais autopropelidas são expostos durante as operações de colheita mecanizada de madeira em sistemas de árvores inteiras e de toras curtas, não estão em consonância com a legislação vigente brasileira para fins trabalhistas.
In mechanized wood harvesting, labor disturbances may occur in the execution of the operations that make up the different types of systems, especially the physical agent occupational noise. Thus, the objective was to investigate whether the occupational noise levels to which operators of self-propelled forest machines are exposed during mechanized wood harvesting operations, in whole tree systems and in short log systems, are in line with current legislation for labor purposes. Thirty-nine operators of self-propelled forest machines operating in forests planted with the Eucalyptus and Pinus genera were considered. Following the full-day measurement criteria according to ISO 9612: 2009 guidelines, noise levels emitted during mechanized wood harvesting operations were collected. Therefore, based on the limits recommended by Regulatory Standard No. 9 and Regulatory Standard No. 15, occupational noise levels were analyzed. In addition, to validate the statistical hypotheses, the operators were arranged in homogeneous groups. In the whole tree system, 41.2% of operators were exposed to occupational noise levels above the action level of 80 dB (A) and the other 58.8% were exposed to levels that exceeded the exposure limit of 85 dB (A). In the short log system, 81.8% of operators were exposed to occupational noise levels above the action level and the other 18.2% were exposed to levels that exceeded the exposure limit. It was concluded that the occupational noise levels to which self-propelled forest machine operators are exposed during mechanized wood harvesting operations in full-tree and in cut-to-length systems, are not in line with current Brazilian legislation for labor purposes.
In mechanized wood harvesting, labor disturbances may occur in the execution of the operations that make up the different types of systems, especially the physical agent occupational noise. Thus, the objective was to investigate whether the occupational noise levels to which operators of self-propelled forest machines are exposed during mechanized wood harvesting operations, in whole tree systems and in short log systems, are in line with current legislation for labor purposes. Thirty-nine operators of self-propelled forest machines operating in forests planted with the Eucalyptus and Pinus genera were considered. Following the full-day measurement criteria according to ISO 9612: 2009 guidelines, noise levels emitted during mechanized wood harvesting operations were collected. Therefore, based on the limits recommended by Regulatory Standard No. 9 and Regulatory Standard No. 15, occupational noise levels were analyzed. In addition, to validate the statistical hypotheses, the operators were arranged in homogeneous groups. In the whole tree system, 41.2% of operators were exposed to occupational noise levels above the action level of 80 dB (A) and the other 58.8% were exposed to levels that exceeded the exposure limit of 85 dB (A). In the short log system, 81.8% of operators were exposed to occupational noise levels above the action level and the other 18.2% were exposed to levels that exceeded the exposure limit. It was concluded that the occupational noise levels to which self-propelled forest machine operators are exposed during mechanized wood harvesting operations in full-tree and in cut-to-length systems, are not in line with current Brazilian legislation for labor purposes.
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Palavras-chave
Agente físico, Ergonomia, Gestão florestal, Operações florestais, Perda auditiva, Physical agent, Ergonomics, Forest management, Forestry operations, Hearing loss