Sorgo consorciado com capim paiaguás sob diferentes densidades de semeadura de guandu-anão na produção de silagem em rotação com soja no cerrado sob sistema plantio direto
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Data
2021-02-05
Autores
Miranda, Luiz Paulo Montenegro de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cultivo de sorgo outonal consorciado com gramíneas e guandu para produção de silagem, e formação de pastagens no período da seca em rotação com soja no verão, podem viabilizar técnica e economicamente a produção forragem e grãos nas regiões do cerrado. Objetivou-se, avaliar a produtividade de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) consorciado com capim-paiaguás (Uroclhoa brizantha cv. Paiaguás), e guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan) em diferentes densidades de semeadura para produção de silagem, e o efeito da produção de palhada sobre a produtividade da soja no verão e nas alterações físico-químicas do solo sob esses sistemas de produção. Os experimentos foram realizados nos cultivos de 2016/17 e 2017/18, em Selvíria-MS. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 3 x 5, sendo os tratamentos três cultivares de sorgo, granífero (SG), forrageiro (SF) e duplo aptidão (SDA), semeados com gramínea capim-paiaguás na linha de semeadura e cinco densidade de guandu na entrelinha (0, 6, 12, 18 e 24 sementes m-1) com 4 repetições. Nos consórcios de SG e SF com capim Paiaguás e guandu-anão, houve melhores condições de desenvolvimento do capim-paiaguás. O consórcio de SG com capim e guandu-anão apresenta-se como uma boa opção para confecção de silagem, pela estabilidade de produção em cultivo outonal. O aumento da população de guandu-anão não influenciou os componentes biométricos e morfológicos e nem a produtividade das plantas de sorgo. No entanto, houve aumento nos teores de proteína bruta e produção de silagens de boa qualidade. Na silagem do consórcio de SG observou-se maiores valores de proteína bruta e, menores teores das frações fibrosas e lignificadas, conferindo maior digestibilidade à forragem produzida. Os consórcios de SF e SDA, influenciaram as propriedades físicas com incrementos nos estoques de carbono, redução da densidade, aumentos na macroporosidade e porosidade total do solo. Ocasionando ainda, elevação nos teores de M.O., e incrementos de P e S nas profundidades de 0,0-0,10m e 0,10 a 0,20m. Para todos os cultivares em consórcio com forrageiras perenes e guandu-anão em rotação com soja, ocorreu redução nos teores de K, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC e V% e elevação da acidez do solo nos sistemas avaliados.
The cultivation of autumnal sorghum intercropped with grasses and dwarf pigeons pea for silage production and formation of pastures during the dry season in rotation with soybeans in the summer, can technically and economically make forage and grain production in the cerrado regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) intercropped with paiaguás grass (Uroclhoa brizantha cv. Paiaguás), and dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) at different sowing densities for silage, and the effect of production of straw on soybean productivity in the summer, on soil physico-chemical changes and on the economic performance of production systems. The experiments were carried out on the 2016/17 and 2017/18 crops, in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in factorial 3 x 5 x 4, with the treatments being three cultivars of sorghum, graniferous (SG), forage (SF) and double aptitude (SDA), sown with grass-paiaguás grass in the row. sowing and five dwarf pigeon pea density between rows (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 seeds m-1). In the consortia of SG and SF with Paiaguás and Guandu-anão grass, there were better conditions for the development of Paiaguás grass. The SG consortium with grass and dwarf pigeon is a good option for making silage, due to the stability of production in autumn cultivation. The increase in the dwarf pigeon population did not influence the biometric and morphological components or the productivity of the sorghum plants. However, there was an increase in crude protein content and production of good quality silages. In the silage of the SG consortium, higher values of crude protein and lower levels of fibrous and lignified fractions were observed, providing greater digestibility to the forage produced. The SF and SDA consortia influenced the physical properties of the soil, with increases in carbon stocks, reduced density, increases in macroporosity and total porosity. It is also possible to observe an increase in the levels of M.O., and increments of P and S in the depths of 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10 to 0.20 m. For all cultivars intercropped with perennial forage and pigeon pea, there was a reduction in the levels of K, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC and V% and an increase in soil acidity in the evaluated production systems.
The cultivation of autumnal sorghum intercropped with grasses and dwarf pigeons pea for silage production and formation of pastures during the dry season in rotation with soybeans in the summer, can technically and economically make forage and grain production in the cerrado regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) intercropped with paiaguás grass (Uroclhoa brizantha cv. Paiaguás), and dwarf pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) at different sowing densities for silage, and the effect of production of straw on soybean productivity in the summer, on soil physico-chemical changes and on the economic performance of production systems. The experiments were carried out on the 2016/17 and 2017/18 crops, in Selvíria-MS. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, in factorial 3 x 5 x 4, with the treatments being three cultivars of sorghum, graniferous (SG), forage (SF) and double aptitude (SDA), sown with grass-paiaguás grass in the row. sowing and five dwarf pigeon pea density between rows (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 seeds m-1). In the consortia of SG and SF with Paiaguás and Guandu-anão grass, there were better conditions for the development of Paiaguás grass. The SG consortium with grass and dwarf pigeon is a good option for making silage, due to the stability of production in autumn cultivation. The increase in the dwarf pigeon population did not influence the biometric and morphological components or the productivity of the sorghum plants. However, there was an increase in crude protein content and production of good quality silages. In the silage of the SG consortium, higher values of crude protein and lower levels of fibrous and lignified fractions were observed, providing greater digestibility to the forage produced. The SF and SDA consortia influenced the physical properties of the soil, with increases in carbon stocks, reduced density, increases in macroporosity and total porosity. It is also possible to observe an increase in the levels of M.O., and increments of P and S in the depths of 0.0-0.10 m and 0.10 to 0.20 m. For all cultivars intercropped with perennial forage and pigeon pea, there was a reduction in the levels of K, Ca, Mg, SB, CTC and V% and an increase in soil acidity in the evaluated production systems.
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Palavras-chave
Sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (SIPAs), Sorghum bicolor (Moench.), Cultivo outonal, Rotação de culturas, Integrated agricultural production systems (SIPAs), Sorghum bicolor (Moench.), Autumnal cultivation, Crop rotation