Biofortificação com selênio na batata-doce
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Data
2021-02-23
Autores
Marzullo, Yasmine Ohanna Toledo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O selênio (Se) é um nutriente essencial às funções do corpo humano, e carente em grande parte da população, podendo ser incorporado à nutrição humana via produtos agrícolas. Entretanto, a concentração de Se em produtos agrícolas consumidos no Brasil é considerada baixa em relações aos padrões internacionais. Com o propósito de produzir alimentos nutricionalmente mais completos e saudáveis para o consumo humano, a biofortificação é uma técnica eficaz e segura nos cultivos agrícolas. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar fontes e dosagens de Se para biofortificar raízes de batata-doce. O experimento foi conduzido em estufa agrícola, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, no esquema fatorial 2x5, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em duas fontes de selênio, selenato e selenito de sódio, e cinco doses via solo (0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 mg dm- ³), perfazendo um total de dez tratamentos. Foram avaliadas características de produção total, composição centesimal, dureza, os teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S e Se, nas raízes tuberosas. Quanto aos teores de selênio, foi identificado e quantificado apenas a presença de selenato nas raízes de batata-doce, apresentando diferença significativa entre as diferentes dosagens. O selenato influenciou os teores de cinzas, fibras, proteína, açúcar redutor, açúcar total, amido, dureza e P. A biofortificação com Se foi eficaz, utilizando a fonte selenato, proporcionando um maior acúmulo do nutriente nas raízes de batata-doce. A batata-doce biofortificada consegue suprir a recomendação de selênio, quando consumida diariamente, na quantidade de 172 gramas.
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for human body functions, and lacks in a large part of the population, being incorporated into human nutrition via agricultural products. However, the concentration of Se in national agricultural products is considered low, when compared to international standards. In order to increase the nutritional quality and produce healthier food for human consumption, the biofortification is an effective and safe technique in agricultural crops. Thus, the present study had the purpose to evaluate different sources and doses of Se aiming to biofortify tuberous roots of sweet potato. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The design was completely randomized, in a 2x5 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two sources of selenium, selenate and selenite, and five doses via soil (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mg dm- ³), making a total of ten treatments. The study evaluated the total crop production, centesimal composition, texture and levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Se in roots of sweet potato. The different doses of selenite influenced the levels of ash, fibers, protein, reducing sugar, total sugar, starch, as well as texture and the the levels of P. Only the presence of selenate was identified and quantified in sweet potato, presenting a significantly difference between the different dosages. Biofortification with Se was effective, using selenate as a source, providing a higher accumulation of the nutrient in the plant. The biofortified sweet potato is able to meet the daily recommendation of selenium, when consumed in an amount of 172 grams per day.
Selenium (Se) is an essential nutrient for human body functions, and lacks in a large part of the population, being incorporated into human nutrition via agricultural products. However, the concentration of Se in national agricultural products is considered low, when compared to international standards. In order to increase the nutritional quality and produce healthier food for human consumption, the biofortification is an effective and safe technique in agricultural crops. Thus, the present study had the purpose to evaluate different sources and doses of Se aiming to biofortify tuberous roots of sweet potato. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse. The design was completely randomized, in a 2x5 factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments consisted of two sources of selenium, selenate and selenite, and five doses via soil (0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mg dm- ³), making a total of ten treatments. The study evaluated the total crop production, centesimal composition, texture and levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and Se in roots of sweet potato. The different doses of selenite influenced the levels of ash, fibers, protein, reducing sugar, total sugar, starch, as well as texture and the the levels of P. Only the presence of selenate was identified and quantified in sweet potato, presenting a significantly difference between the different dosages. Biofortification with Se was effective, using selenate as a source, providing a higher accumulation of the nutrient in the plant. The biofortified sweet potato is able to meet the daily recommendation of selenium, when consumed in an amount of 172 grams per day.
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Palavras-chave
Biofortificação agronômica, Ipomoea batatas L., Nutrição humana, Agronomic biofortification, Human nutrition