Mulher-Maravilha ao longo da história: ícone de empoderamento questionável
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2021-05-25
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho, situado teoricamente na filosofia da linguagem do Círculo de Bakhtin, tem como objetivo investigar a ambivalência da representação da Mulher-Maravilha como um ícone de empoderamento e não-empoderamento feminino, contextualizado por meio de suas Histórias em Quadrinhos de diferentes momentos sócio-histórico-culturais. O corpus, portanto, é composto por seis revistas que representam fases da Mulher-Maravilha ao longo da história, estas são: All-Star Comics nº8 (1941); Wonder Woman vol. 1 nº179 (1968); Wonder Woman vol.2 nº2 (1987); Wonder Woman vol.3 nº17 (2008); Wonder Woman vol.4 – The New 52 nº3 (2011); Wonder Woman Rebirth – One Shot (2016). Propõe-se, também, uma análise verbivocovisual (PAULA, 2017) da super-heroína, em que as três dimensões da linguagem – verbal, visual e sonora – são entendidas de maneira integrada. Além disso, procura-se refletir sobre as vozes sociais reveladas pelo sujeito Mulher-Maravilha, como um reflexo e uma refração (ou distorção) dos momentos e lugares históricos que circula sua imagem. A pesquisa justifica-se por promover questionamentos a respeito de um assunto tão em voga na contemporaneidade: o empoderamento da mulher. Para tanto, concepções bakhtinianas foram elencadas para guiar a pesquisa, como dialogia, enunciado, signo ideológico, sujeito e voz social. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa se baseia na dialética-dialógica (Paula et. al., 2011), realizada por meio do cotejamento do corpus com outros enunciados responsivos a ele. Os resultados apontam que a Mulher-Maravilha se mostra, ao mesmo tempo, empoderada e não-empoderada, o que comprova sua ambivalência. Por meio das análises, observa-se que os seguintes aspectos a constituem: seu corpo, cujas formas são muito sexualizadas; seus apetrechos, cujos valores remetem ao sadomasoquismo; e o sacrifício feito diversas vezes pela super-heroína, seja por amor ou por ser uma mulher maravilha.
The present work, theoretically situated in the philosophy of language of the Bakhtin’s Circle, aims to investigate the ambivalence of the Wonder Woman’s representation as an icon of female empowerment and non-empowerment, contextualized through her Comics in different socio-historical-cultural moments. The corpus, therefore, is composed of six magazines that represent Wonder Woman phases throughout history, these are: All-Star Comics #8 (1941); Wonder Woman vol. 1 #179 (1968); Wonder Woman vol.2 #2 (1987); Wonder Woman vol.3 #17 (2008); Wonder Woman vol.4 – The New 52 #3 (2011); Wonder Woman Rebirth – One Shot (2016). A verbivocovisual analysis (PAULA, 2017) of the superheroine is also proposed, in which the three dimensions of language – verbal, visual and sound – are understood in an integrated manner. In addition, it seeks to reflect on the social voices revealed by the subject Wonder Woman, as a reflection and refraction (or distortion) of the historical moments and places that her image circulates. The research is justified by promoting questions about a subject so fashionable in contemporary times: the female empowerment. For this, Bakhtinian conceptions were listed to guide the research, such as dialog, enunciation, ideological sign, subject and social voice. Methodologically, the research is based on dialectic-dialogic (Paula et. al., 2011), carried out by comparing the corpus with other statements responsive to it. The results show that Wonder Woman is both empowered and non-empowered, which proves her ambivalence. Through the analysis, it is observed that the following aspects constitute her: her body, whose forms are very sexualized; its gear, whose values refer to sadomasochism; and the sacrifice made several times by the superheroine, either for love or for being a wonder woman.
The present work, theoretically situated in the philosophy of language of the Bakhtin’s Circle, aims to investigate the ambivalence of the Wonder Woman’s representation as an icon of female empowerment and non-empowerment, contextualized through her Comics in different socio-historical-cultural moments. The corpus, therefore, is composed of six magazines that represent Wonder Woman phases throughout history, these are: All-Star Comics #8 (1941); Wonder Woman vol. 1 #179 (1968); Wonder Woman vol.2 #2 (1987); Wonder Woman vol.3 #17 (2008); Wonder Woman vol.4 – The New 52 #3 (2011); Wonder Woman Rebirth – One Shot (2016). A verbivocovisual analysis (PAULA, 2017) of the superheroine is also proposed, in which the three dimensions of language – verbal, visual and sound – are understood in an integrated manner. In addition, it seeks to reflect on the social voices revealed by the subject Wonder Woman, as a reflection and refraction (or distortion) of the historical moments and places that her image circulates. The research is justified by promoting questions about a subject so fashionable in contemporary times: the female empowerment. For this, Bakhtinian conceptions were listed to guide the research, such as dialog, enunciation, ideological sign, subject and social voice. Methodologically, the research is based on dialectic-dialogic (Paula et. al., 2011), carried out by comparing the corpus with other statements responsive to it. The results show that Wonder Woman is both empowered and non-empowered, which proves her ambivalence. Through the analysis, it is observed that the following aspects constitute her: her body, whose forms are very sexualized; its gear, whose values refer to sadomasochism; and the sacrifice made several times by the superheroine, either for love or for being a wonder woman.
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Círculo de Bakhtin, Verbivocovisualidade, Empoderamento, Mulher-Maravilha