Saldo de radiação no cultivo do lúpulo em ambiente protegido
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Data
2021-05-31
Autores
Sousa, Renan Lima de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A evolução do mercado cervejeiro nacional e internacional nos últimos anos juntamente com o segmento das cervejas artesanais colocaram em evidência a cultura do lúpulo e a demanda por ingredientes com características organolépticas especiais e de maior qualidade; aumentando a procura de lúpulo cultivado localmente. No entanto, o plantio de lúpulo no território Brasileiro é um desafio. Por ser uma cultura nova no país, há poucos estudos na área, principalmente com a demanda energética da cultura para seu processo evapotranspirativo, o qual o saldo de radiação é responsável por pelo menos 82% da ETo em temperatura de 30°C. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o saldo de radiação e suas componentes no cultivo do lúpulo em ambiente protegido na cidade de Botucatu-SP. Inicialmente foi apresentada a evolução temporal das medidas das radiações global, refletida, atmosférica, terrestre e saldo de radiação para a cultura do lúpulo em ambiente protegido e comparadas com as medidas obtidas no ambiente externo. O saldo de radiação acumulado durante o ciclo foi 1266,8MJ/m2 e é 23% menor que o saldo de radiação externo. Embora com saldo de radiação menor dentro da estufa, o ambiente protegido preservou mais o balanço de onda longa, que é essencial para os processos fisiológicos e metabólicos da planta, viabilizando a produção média de 45g.planta-1 de cones frescos mesmo sendo o primeiro ano de produção. Também foram propostos modelos de estimação do saldo de radiação e suas componentes no interior de um ambiente protegido com a cultura do lúpulo em função da radiação solar global medida externamente. Foi possível determinar que o saldo de radiação é aproximadamente 44% da radiação solar global externa e que esta pode ser um parâmetro confiável para estimativa da radiação solar global, refletida, balanço de ondas curtas, balanço de ondas longas e do saldo de radiação dentro da estufa com o cultivo do lúpulo.
The evolution of the national and international beer market in recent years, together with the craft beers segment, highlighted the hop culture and the demand for ingredients with special organoleptic characteristics and higher quality; increasing demand for locally grown hops. However, hop planting in Brazilian territory is a challenge. As it is a new crop in the country, there are few studies in the area, mainly with the energy demand of the crop for its evapotranspiration process, in which the radiation balance is responsible for at least 82% of the ETo at a temperature of 30°C. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the balance of radiation and its components in the cultivation of hops in a protected environment in the city of BotucatuSP. Initially, the temporal evolution of measurements of global, reflected, atmospheric, terrestrial radiation and radiation balance for hop culture in protected cultivation was presented and compared with measurements obtained in the external environment. The accumulated radiation balance during the cycle was 1266.8MJ/m2 and is 23% smaller than the external radiation balance. Although with a lower radiation balance inside the greenhouse, the protected environment preserved more the long wave balance, which is essential for the physiological and metabolic processes of the plant, enabling the average production of 45g.plant-1 of fresh cones, even though it is the first year of manufacture. Models to estimate the balance of radiation and its components inside a protected environment with hop culture as a function of global solar radiation measured externally were also proposed. It was possible to determine that the radiation balance is approximately 44% of the external global solar radiation and that this can be a reliable parameter for estimating the global, reflected solar radiation, short wave balance, long wave balance and the radiation balance within the greenhouse with the cultivation of hops.
The evolution of the national and international beer market in recent years, together with the craft beers segment, highlighted the hop culture and the demand for ingredients with special organoleptic characteristics and higher quality; increasing demand for locally grown hops. However, hop planting in Brazilian territory is a challenge. As it is a new crop in the country, there are few studies in the area, mainly with the energy demand of the crop for its evapotranspiration process, in which the radiation balance is responsible for at least 82% of the ETo at a temperature of 30°C. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the balance of radiation and its components in the cultivation of hops in a protected environment in the city of BotucatuSP. Initially, the temporal evolution of measurements of global, reflected, atmospheric, terrestrial radiation and radiation balance for hop culture in protected cultivation was presented and compared with measurements obtained in the external environment. The accumulated radiation balance during the cycle was 1266.8MJ/m2 and is 23% smaller than the external radiation balance. Although with a lower radiation balance inside the greenhouse, the protected environment preserved more the long wave balance, which is essential for the physiological and metabolic processes of the plant, enabling the average production of 45g.plant-1 of fresh cones, even though it is the first year of manufacture. Models to estimate the balance of radiation and its components inside a protected environment with hop culture as a function of global solar radiation measured externally were also proposed. It was possible to determine that the radiation balance is approximately 44% of the external global solar radiation and that this can be a reliable parameter for estimating the global, reflected solar radiation, short wave balance, long wave balance and the radiation balance within the greenhouse with the cultivation of hops.
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Palavras-chave
Humulus lupulus L., Radiação solar global, Energia líquida disponível, Evapotranspiração, Global solar radiation, Radiation balance, Evapotranspiration