Bactérias com potencial probiótico: hematoimunologia, desempenho produtivo e sobrevivência do tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
Data
2021-07-01
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Os probióticos são microrganismos que contribuem para a melhora de um ou mais fatores na saúde do hospedeiro. Na aquicultura, o uso de probióticos é evidenciado na melhora das respostas imunológicas e sobrevivência às infecções, no desempenho produtivo, além da melhora na qualidade do ambiente de produção. Para o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a espécie de peixe nativo mais produzido no Brasil, não há qualquer probiótico autóctone para ser comercializado como aditivo alimentar. Desta forma, neste trabalho foram avaliados o efeito de cepas autóctones com potencial probiótico na saúde e desempenho do tambaqui. Em um primeiro experimento, foi investigada a ação imunoestimulante de quatro cepas bacterianas selecionadas em estudo prévio: Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus e Staphylococcus hominis. As cepas liofilizadas foram incorporadas na dieta à 106 UFC/g de ração, e os peixes foram alimentados durante 60 dias com as quatro dietas experimentais além do grupo controle. Análises hematológicas, bioquímicas e imunológicas foram realizadas nos dias 0, 7, 15, 30, 45 e 60. No dia 60, foi analisada a histoquímica intestinal de todos os grupos experimentais. No segundo experimento, as bactérias L. lactis e P. pentosaceus foram adicionadas separadamente a dieta em suspensão de PBS nas concentrações 107 e 109 UFC/g de ração, mais um grupo controle. As dietas foram fornecidas aos animais durante 58 dias, e durante este período, nos dias 0, 15, 30 e 58 foram avaliados os parâmetros hematológicos, bioquímicos, imunológicos e desempenho produtivo. No dia 58 foram avaliados também o índice hepatossomático, histoquímica intestinal, a composição microbiana intestinal e a resistência à infecção por Aeromonas hydrophila. Os resultados encontrados no primeiro experimento demonstraram aumento significativo da atividade respiratória dos leucócitos nos peixes que receberam a ração contendo as bactérias L. lactis e P. pentosaceus, desta forma estas cepas foram selecionadas para o segundo experimento. No segundo estudo, as bactérias modularam a microbiota intestinal dos peixes, sem alterar os parâmetros fisiológicos. Com base nestes resultados, novos estudos devem ser realizados para elucidar à ação de probióticos no tambaqui, visto a baixa responsividade a este tipo de aditivo para esta espécie.
Probiotics are microorganisms that contribute to the improvement of one or more factors in the health of the host. In aquaculture, the use of probiotics is evidenced in the improvement of immune responses and survival to infections, productive performance, in addition to improving the quality of the production environment. For tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), the most produced native fish species in Brazil, there is no indigenous probiotic to be marketed as a food additive. Thus, in this work, the effect of autochthonous strains with probiotic potential on the health and performance of tambaqui was evaluated. In a first experiment, the immunostimulant action of four bacterial strains selected in a previous study was investigated: Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus hominis. The freeze-dried strains were incorporated into the diet at 106 CFU/g of ration, and the fish were fed for 60 days with the four experimental diets in addition to the control group. Hematological, biochemical and immunological analyzes were performed on days 0, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60. On day 60, the intestinal histochemistry of all experimental groups was analyzed. In the second experiment, the bacteria L. lactis and P. pentosaceus were added separately to the PBS suspension diet at concentrations 107 and 109 CFU/g of feed, plus a control group. The diets were fed to the animals for 58 days, and during this period, on days 0, 15, 30 and 58, the hematological, biochemical, immunological and productive performance parameters were evaluated. On day 58, the hepatosomatic index, intestinal histochemistry, intestinal microbial composition and resistance to infection by Aeromonas hydrophila were also evaluated. The results found in the first experiment showed a significant increase in the respiratory activity of leukocytes in fish that received the diet containing the bacteria L. lactis and P. pentosaceus, thus these strains were selected for the second experiment. In the second study, the bacteria modulated the intestinal microbiota of fish, without changing the physiological parameters. Based on these results, further studies should be carried out to elucidate the action of probiotics on tambaqui, given the low responsiveness to this type of additive for this species.
Probiotics are microorganisms that contribute to the improvement of one or more factors in the health of the host. In aquaculture, the use of probiotics is evidenced in the improvement of immune responses and survival to infections, productive performance, in addition to improving the quality of the production environment. For tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), the most produced native fish species in Brazil, there is no indigenous probiotic to be marketed as a food additive. Thus, in this work, the effect of autochthonous strains with probiotic potential on the health and performance of tambaqui was evaluated. In a first experiment, the immunostimulant action of four bacterial strains selected in a previous study was investigated: Enterococcus hirae, Lactococcus lactis, Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus hominis. The freeze-dried strains were incorporated into the diet at 106 CFU/g of ration, and the fish were fed for 60 days with the four experimental diets in addition to the control group. Hematological, biochemical and immunological analyzes were performed on days 0, 7, 15, 30, 45 and 60. On day 60, the intestinal histochemistry of all experimental groups was analyzed. In the second experiment, the bacteria L. lactis and P. pentosaceus were added separately to the PBS suspension diet at concentrations 107 and 109 CFU/g of feed, plus a control group. The diets were fed to the animals for 58 days, and during this period, on days 0, 15, 30 and 58, the hematological, biochemical, immunological and productive performance parameters were evaluated. On day 58, the hepatosomatic index, intestinal histochemistry, intestinal microbial composition and resistance to infection by Aeromonas hydrophila were also evaluated. The results found in the first experiment showed a significant increase in the respiratory activity of leukocytes in fish that received the diet containing the bacteria L. lactis and P. pentosaceus, thus these strains were selected for the second experiment. In the second study, the bacteria modulated the intestinal microbiota of fish, without changing the physiological parameters. Based on these results, further studies should be carried out to elucidate the action of probiotics on tambaqui, given the low responsiveness to this type of additive for this species.
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Probióticos, Staphylococcus, Peixes de água doce, Imuno-hematologia