Proposta de matriz de maturidade para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos sob a perspectiva da economia circular
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Data
2021-09-17
Autores
Aguiar, Marina Fernandes
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nos últimos anos, vários trabalhos têm sugerido a abordagem da economia circular (EC) como alternativa ao modelo linear tradicional, o qual é baseado em extrair – fabricar – usar – descartar. Para a sua adoção, torna-se relevante incorporar princípios como os de regeneração, compartilhamento, otimização, reciclagem, remanufatura e virtualização desde a etapa de projetos de produtos. No entanto, a incorporação gradual de práticas em direção à circularidade ainda tem sido foco de poucos trabalhos, indicando uma necessidade de propor modelos, métodos e ferramentas que possam auxiliar empresas a integrar os princípios da EC no processo de desenvolvimento de produtos (PDP), de acordo com a abordagem do Desenvolvimento de Produtos Circulares (DPC). Visando contribuir com esse tema, este trabalho tem como objetivo propor uma matriz de maturidade para avaliar a integração de práticas, métodos e ferramentas da EC no PDP. Para isso, o desenvolvimento teórico e empírico da ferramenta foram combinados. Primeiramente, a revisão sistemática e de conteúdo da literatura possibilitou identificar que o DPC é um tema emergente, tendo adicionado novas estratégias de design àquelas já recomendadas pelo ecodesign. Essas novas estratégias foram incorporadas à versão inicial da matriz de maturidade, de acordo com o desempenho esperado para cada nível. O próximo passo consistiu no aprimoramento da matriz em duas etapas: por meio da avaliação de seis acadêmicos especialistas no tema, seguida pela investigação empírica de sua robustez em quatro contextos empresariais distintos. Assim, foi possível concluir que a matriz de maturidade desenvolvida é capaz de prover insights e direcionamentos a partir do diagnóstico e entendimento de quão circular é o atual processo de desenvolvimento de produtos, o que pode fomentar também o aprendizado organizacional nas empresas.
In recent years, many studies have suggested the circular economy (CE) approach as an alternative to the traditional linear model, which is based on take-make-use-dispose. For its adoption, it becomes relevant to incorporate principles such as regeneration, sharing, optimization, recycling, remanufacturing, and virtualization from the product design stage. However, the gradual incorporation of practices towards CE has been the focus of few studies, indicating the necessity of proposing models, methods, and tools to help companies to integrate CE practices into the new product development (NPD), following the Circular Product Design (CPD) approach. Aiming to contribute to this theme, this research has the general objective of proposing a maturity matrix to evaluate the integration of practices, methods, and tools of CE into the product development process of companies. To do so, the theoretical and empirical development were combined. Firstly, through the systematic and content review of literature, it was noticed that CPD is an emergent theme, having added new design strategies to those already recommended by ecodesign. These new strategies were incorporated into the first version of the maturity matrix, in accordance with the expected performance for each level. The next step consisted in improving the matrix in two contexts: through the evaluation by six experts on the theme followed by the empirical investigation of its robustness in four different organizational contexts. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the maturity matrix can provide insights and guidance through the diagnosis and understanding of how circular is the product development process, promoting organizational learning.
In recent years, many studies have suggested the circular economy (CE) approach as an alternative to the traditional linear model, which is based on take-make-use-dispose. For its adoption, it becomes relevant to incorporate principles such as regeneration, sharing, optimization, recycling, remanufacturing, and virtualization from the product design stage. However, the gradual incorporation of practices towards CE has been the focus of few studies, indicating the necessity of proposing models, methods, and tools to help companies to integrate CE practices into the new product development (NPD), following the Circular Product Design (CPD) approach. Aiming to contribute to this theme, this research has the general objective of proposing a maturity matrix to evaluate the integration of practices, methods, and tools of CE into the product development process of companies. To do so, the theoretical and empirical development were combined. Firstly, through the systematic and content review of literature, it was noticed that CPD is an emergent theme, having added new design strategies to those already recommended by ecodesign. These new strategies were incorporated into the first version of the maturity matrix, in accordance with the expected performance for each level. The next step consisted in improving the matrix in two contexts: through the evaluation by six experts on the theme followed by the empirical investigation of its robustness in four different organizational contexts. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that the maturity matrix can provide insights and guidance through the diagnosis and understanding of how circular is the product development process, promoting organizational learning.
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Palavras-chave
Economia circular, Processo de Desenvolvimento de Produtos, Matriz de Maturidade, Desenvolvimento de Produtos para a Economia Circular, Circular economy, New product developmen, Maturity matrix, Circular product desing