Nutrição e desempenho agronômico da cana-de-açúcar inoculada com bactérias promotoras de crescimento associado à redução da adubação fosfatada
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Data
2021-09-03
Autores
Rosa, Poliana Aparecida Leonel
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido à importância da cultura da cana-de-açúcar para a economia brasileira, são necessários estudos visando aumentar a eficiência da adubação fosfatada, principalmente em solos menos férteis, muito intemperizados, com presença de óxidos de Fe e Al. Buscando-se uma agricultura mais sustentável, o uso isolado ou combinado de bactérias promotoras de crescimento, capazes de solubilizar fosfato e promover o crescimento de plantas, especialmente de raízes, pode aumentar a eficiência da adubação fosfatada. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da inoculação com três bactérias promotoras de crescimento aplicadas isoladamente ou combinadas, em sulco de plantio (cana-planta) e em jato dirigido na base da planta (na rebrota da 1ª cana-soca), associadas a doses reduzidas de fósforo (P), nas características produtivas, estado nutricional e qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar cultivada num solo com baixo teor de P, na região Noroeste Paulista. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com três repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 8 x 5, sendo oito inoculações (1. Sem inoculação (testemunha); 2. Inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense; 3. Inoculação com Bacillus subtilis; 4. Inoculação com Pseudomonas fluorescens; 5. Inoculação com A. brasilense + B. subtilis; 6. Inoculação com A. brasilense + P. fluorescens; 7. Inoculação com B. subtilis + P. fluorescens; 8. Inoculação com A. brasilense + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens) e cinco doses de fósforo aplicadas apenas por ocasião do plantio (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg ha-1 de P2O5). As inoculações e doses de fósforo estudadas influenciaram nos atributos químicos do solo, na diagnose foliar, massa seca de plantas, acúmulo de nutrientes, biometria, produtividade e qualidade tecnológica da cana-de-açúcar. Recomenda-se a inoculação combinada de Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis associada à dose de 45 kg ha-1 de P2O5 no sulco de plantio da cana-de-açúcar, visto que, esse tratamento incrementa a produtividade de colmos e de açúcar da cana-planta e 1ª cana-soca da variedade RB92579, em um solo com baixo teor de P. Portanto, obtém-se economia de 75% da dose recomendada de fósforo, podendo assim, ser uma alternativa mais eficiente e sustentável para reduzir os custos de produção da cultura da cana-de-açúcar.
Due to the importance of sugarcane crop for the Brazilian economy, studies are needed to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization, especially in less fertile soils, very weathered, with the presence of Fe and Al oxides. Seeking a more sustainable agriculture, the isolated or combined use of growth-promoting bacteria, capable of solubilizing phosphate and promoting plant growth, especially roots, can increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with three growth-promoting bacteria applied alone or in combination, in a planting furrow (plant cane) and in a directed jet at the base of the plant (in the regrowth of the first ratoon), associated with reduced doses of phosphorus, in the productive characteristics, nutritional status and technological quality of sugarcane cultivated in a soil with low P content, in the Northwest region of São Paulo. The experimental design used was a randomized block with three replications, arranged in a factorial scheme 8 x 5, with eight inoculations (1. No inoculation (control); 2. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense; 3. Inoculation with Bacillus subtilis; 4. Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens; 5. Inoculation with A. brasilense + B. subtilis; 6. Inoculation with A. brasilense + P. fluorescens; 7. Inoculation with B. subtilis + P. fluorescens; 8. Inoculation with A. brasilense + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens) and five doses of phosphorus applied only at planting (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg ha-1 of P2O5). The inoculations and doses of phosphorus studied influenced the chemical attributes of the soil, leaf diagnosis, plant dry mass, nutrient accumulation, biometrics, yield and technological quality of sugarcane. The combined inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis associated with a dose of 45 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the sugarcane planting furrow is recommended, since this treatment increases the yield stalks and yield sugar of plant cane and first ratoon, variety RB92579, in a soil with low P. Therefore, savings of 75% of the recommended dose of phosphorus are obtained, which may be a more efficient and sustainable alternative to reduce sugarcane production costs.
Due to the importance of sugarcane crop for the Brazilian economy, studies are needed to increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization, especially in less fertile soils, very weathered, with the presence of Fe and Al oxides. Seeking a more sustainable agriculture, the isolated or combined use of growth-promoting bacteria, capable of solubilizing phosphate and promoting plant growth, especially roots, can increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with three growth-promoting bacteria applied alone or in combination, in a planting furrow (plant cane) and in a directed jet at the base of the plant (in the regrowth of the first ratoon), associated with reduced doses of phosphorus, in the productive characteristics, nutritional status and technological quality of sugarcane cultivated in a soil with low P content, in the Northwest region of São Paulo. The experimental design used was a randomized block with three replications, arranged in a factorial scheme 8 x 5, with eight inoculations (1. No inoculation (control); 2. Inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense; 3. Inoculation with Bacillus subtilis; 4. Inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens; 5. Inoculation with A. brasilense + B. subtilis; 6. Inoculation with A. brasilense + P. fluorescens; 7. Inoculation with B. subtilis + P. fluorescens; 8. Inoculation with A. brasilense + B. subtilis + P. fluorescens) and five doses of phosphorus applied only at planting (0, 45, 90, 135, 180 kg ha-1 of P2O5). The inoculations and doses of phosphorus studied influenced the chemical attributes of the soil, leaf diagnosis, plant dry mass, nutrient accumulation, biometrics, yield and technological quality of sugarcane. The combined inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense + Bacillus subtilis associated with a dose of 45 kg ha-1 of P2O5 in the sugarcane planting furrow is recommended, since this treatment increases the yield stalks and yield sugar of plant cane and first ratoon, variety RB92579, in a soil with low P. Therefore, savings of 75% of the recommended dose of phosphorus are obtained, which may be a more efficient and sustainable alternative to reduce sugarcane production costs.
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Palavras-chave
Saccharum officinarum L., Fósforo, Azospirillum brasilense, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acúmulo de nutrientes, Produtividade, Phosphorus, Nutrients accumulation, Yield, Pseudomonas fluorescens