Desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade de carne, expressão gênica e perfil proteômico do músculo em bovinos f1 Angus-Nelore inteiros e castrados
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Data
2021-10-26
Autores
Santiago, Bismarck Moreira [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se investigar o efeito da classe sexual (castrados e inteiros) sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça, qualidade de carne, expressão gênica e perfil proteômico do tecido muscular de bovinos precoces F1 Angus-Nelore. Utilizou-se 640 animais, submetidos à terminação em confinamento pós-desmama por período de 180 dias. Animais castrados apresentaram menores ganho médio diário, peso final, pesos de carcaça quente e fria e área de olho de lombo. Porém, tiveram maior espessura de gordura subcutânea. A carne dos castrados apresentou menores perdas por evaporação, perdas totais e força de cisalhamento, independentemente da quantidade de dias de maturação. Entretanto, animais desse tratamento tiveram maiores perdas por gotejamento, quando comparados a animais inteiros. Notou-se que independentemente da quantidade de dias de maturação, a carne de animais castrado apresentou maior Luminosidade (L*), intensidade de vermelho (a*), intensidade de amarelo (b*), chroma e hue. Todavia, a carne dos animais inteiros apresentou pH mais elevado em relação aos animais castrados. Observou-se maiores expressões dos genes lipogênicos: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), Fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte (FABP4), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) e Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) no músculo longissimus thoracis de animais castrados, quando comparada aos inteiros. Nestes, observou-se níveis mais elevados de expressão dos genes: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) e da Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1). Observou-se que animais castrados apresentaram maiores níveis de gordura intramuscular em relação aos inteiros. A maior proporção de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados foi observada em animais castrados, representado principalmente pelo ácido oleico. No entanto, os inteiros apresentaram níveis mais elevados de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, enquanto o conteúdo de ácidos graxos saturados não foi afetado. Ao avaliar o proteoma do músculo Longissimus thoracis, observou-se que a castração modulou a abundância de 15 proteínas distribuídas em 21 spots proteicos. A castração regulou positivamente as proteínas: Creatine kinase M-type (CKM), Frutose-bisfosfato aldolase (ALDOA), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) e Troponin T, fast skeletal muscle (TNNT3). Por outro lado, nos castrados observou-se regulação negativa das proteínas: 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial (HSP60), ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial (ATP5F1B), Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH1), Myoglobin (GLNG), Phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1), Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial (PDHB), Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1), Troponin I2, fast skeletal type (TNNI2). As proteínas Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) e Alpha-enolase (ENO1), foram observadas apenas em amostras de animais castrados. A castração apesar de reduzir o desempenho animal é um manejo interessante a se adotar quando o objetivo é obter carne de melhor qualidade, devido seus efeitos na expressão de genes e proteínas que trazem benefícios aos atributos que definem essa característica desejada pelo consumidor.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex class (steers and bulls) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, gene expression and proteomic profile of muscle tissue in F1 Angus-Nellore precocious cattle. A total of 640 animals were submitted to finishing in post-weaning confinement for a period of 180 days. Steers had lower average daily gain, final weight, hot and cold carcass weights, and ribeye area. However, they had greater subcutaneous backfat thickness. The meat from steers showed lower losses due to evaporation, total losses, and shear force, regardless of the number of days of maturation. However, animals in this treatment had higher drip losses when compared to bulls. It was noted that, regardless of the number of days of maturation, the meat from steers showed greater luminosity (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma and hue. However, meat from bulls had a higher pH than steers. Greater expressions of lipogenic genes were observed: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), Fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte (FABP4), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in the longissimus thoracis muscle of steers, when compared to of the bulls. In these, higher levels of gene expression were observed: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) and Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1). It was observed that steers had higher levels of intramuscular fat compared to bulls. A higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids was observed in steers, represented mainly by oleic acid. However, the bulls had higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, while the content of saturated fatty acids was not affected. When evaluating the proteome of the Longissimus thoracis muscle, it was observed that castration modulated the abundance of 15 proteins distributed in 21 protein spots. Castration positively regulated the proteins: Creatine kinase M-type (CKM), Frutose-bisfosfato aldolase (ALDOA), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) e Troponin T, fast skeletal muscle (TNNT3). On the other hand, in steers negative regulation of proteins was observed: 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial (HSP60), ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial (ATP5F1B), Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH1), Myoglobin (GLNG), Phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1), Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial (PDHB), Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1), Troponin I2, fast skeletal type (TNNI2).The proteins Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) e Alpha-enolase (ENO1) were observed only in samples from steers. Castration, despite reducing animal performance, is an interesting management to adopt when the objective is to obtain better quality meat, due to its effects on the expression of genes and proteins that bring benefits to the attributes that define the characteristics desired by the consumer.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sex class (steers and bulls) on performance, carcass traits, meat quality, gene expression and proteomic profile of muscle tissue in F1 Angus-Nellore precocious cattle. A total of 640 animals were submitted to finishing in post-weaning confinement for a period of 180 days. Steers had lower average daily gain, final weight, hot and cold carcass weights, and ribeye area. However, they had greater subcutaneous backfat thickness. The meat from steers showed lower losses due to evaporation, total losses, and shear force, regardless of the number of days of maturation. However, animals in this treatment had higher drip losses when compared to bulls. It was noted that, regardless of the number of days of maturation, the meat from steers showed greater luminosity (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), chroma and hue. However, meat from bulls had a higher pH than steers. Greater expressions of lipogenic genes were observed: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha (ACACA), Fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte (FABP4), Fatty acid synthase (FASN), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and Stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) in the longissimus thoracis muscle of steers, when compared to of the bulls. In these, higher levels of gene expression were observed: Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARA) and Sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1). It was observed that steers had higher levels of intramuscular fat compared to bulls. A higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids was observed in steers, represented mainly by oleic acid. However, the bulls had higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids, while the content of saturated fatty acids was not affected. When evaluating the proteome of the Longissimus thoracis muscle, it was observed that castration modulated the abundance of 15 proteins distributed in 21 protein spots. Castration positively regulated the proteins: Creatine kinase M-type (CKM), Frutose-bisfosfato aldolase (ALDOA), Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) e Troponin T, fast skeletal muscle (TNNT3). On the other hand, in steers negative regulation of proteins was observed: 60 kDa heat shock protein, mitochondrial (HSP60), ATP synthase subunit beta, mitochondrial (ATP5F1B), Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein (HSPA8), Malate dehydrogenase (MDH1), Myoglobin (GLNG), Phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1), Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit beta, mitochondrial (PDHB), Triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1), Troponin I2, fast skeletal type (TNNI2).The proteins Adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) e Alpha-enolase (ENO1) were observed only in samples from steers. Castration, despite reducing animal performance, is an interesting management to adopt when the objective is to obtain better quality meat, due to its effects on the expression of genes and proteins that bring benefits to the attributes that define the characteristics desired by the consumer.
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Palavras-chave
Castração, Expressão gênica, Criação