Desempenho perceptivo auditivo de indivíduos com transtorno dos sons da fala
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Data
2021-11-09
Autores
Martins, Rita de Cássia Giriboni
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O processo da produção da fala envolve a integração das informações auditivas, somatossensorias e motoras no cérebro. Sendo assim, avaliar as habilidades auditivas em crianças com transtorno dos sons da fala (TSF) pode auxiliar no processo diagnóstico e terapêutico desta população. O presente estudo teve como objetivo correlacionar as habilidades auditivas com o desempenho perceptual na identificação de contrastes fonológicos em crianças com TSF. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e transversal realizado no ano de 2020 em duas cidades do interior paulista. A amostra foi composta por 14 crianças, de ambos os sexos, com diagnóstico de transtorno dos sons da fala, estabelecido pelas provas de Fonologia, com levantamento da Percentage of Consonants Correct – Revised (PCC-R), e idade entre 7 e 14 anos. Foram utilizados os seguintes procedimentos: avaliação audiológica básica e comportamental do processamento auditivo central (PAC) e aplicação do PERCERFAL. O PERCEFAL foi empregado para a avaliação da identificação de contrastes fonológicos. A bateria comportamental do PAC foi composta pelos seguintes testes: Dicótico de Dígitos, Dicótico Não-Verbal, Padrão de Frequência, Padrão de Duração, Random Gap Detection TestRGDT e Logoaudiometria Pediátrica - Pediatric Speech Intelegibility (PSI). O desempenho dos indivíduos nos testes do processamento auditivo central e da identificação de contrastes fonológicos foram analisados pelo coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, que correlacionou as variáveis do desempenho perceptivo-auditivo (% de erros e acertos e tempo de reação) com o desempenho nos testes que avaliaram as habilidades auditivas. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (0,050). Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos indivíduos apresentaram alteração em pelo menos um dos testes que compuseram a bateria do PAC (92,8%), ressalta-se que apenas um participante apresentou as habilidades auditivas dentro dos padrões de normalidade. A análise estatística demonstrou correlação significante entre as variáveis % de erros e acertos e tempo de reação com alguns testes do PAC. A correlação entre as habilidades foi dependente da classe fônica. Na classe das oclusivas observou-se correlação entre a porcentagem de acertos e o Teste de Padrão de Duração (TPD) quando a resposta foi de imitação. No Teste de Logoaudiometria Pediátrica (PSI) o desempenho na orelha direita se correlacionou com a porcentagem de acertos na classe das sonorantes. Na classe das vogais, correlação significante entre o tempo de reação dos acertos e o Teste Dicótico Não-Verbal, escuta direcionada à direita e à esquerda. Observou-se também correlação entre o tempo de reação dos acertos e erros com o Random Gap Detection Test – RGDT, mais especificamente na frequência de 4000 Hz. Por fim, também houve correlação significante entre o tempo de 16 reação dos erros da classe das fricativas e o Teste Dicótico de Dígitos com escuta direcionada à direita. Pode-se afirmar que há correlação entre algumas habilidades do PAC e desempenho perceptivo-auditivo em crianças com TSF a depender da classe fônica, sugerindo uma possível interação entre os sistemas auditivo e sensorial. Destaca-se, porém, que a relação entre habilidades do PAC e desempenho perceptivo-auditivo em crianças com TSF não é de natureza linear ou isomórfica.
The speech production process involves the integration of auditory, somatosensory and motor information in the brain. Therefore, assessing hearing skills in children with speech sounds disorder (SSD) can assist in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of this population. The present study aimed to correlate auditory skills with the perceptual performance in the identification of phonological contrasts in children with SSD. This is an exploratory and crosssectional study conducted in 2020 in two cities in the interior of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 14 children, of both genders, diagnosed with speech sound disorder, established by the phonology tests, with a survey of the Percentage of Consonants Correct - Revised (PCCR), and age between 7 and 14 years. The following procedures were used: basic audiological and behavioral assessment of central auditory processing (CAP) and application of PERCERFAL. PERCEFAL was used to assess the identification of phonological contrasts. The CAP behavioral battery consisted of the following tests: Dichotic Digit, Non-Verbal Dichotic , Frequency Pattern Test, Duration Pattern Test, Random Gap Detection Test - RGDT and Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI). The performance of individuals in the tests of central auditory processing and the identification of phonological contrasts were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, which correlated the variables of perceptual-auditory performance (percentage of errors, successes and reaction time) with the performance in the tests who assessed hearing skills. The significance level of 5% (0.050) was adopted. The results showed that most of the individuals presented alterations in at least one of the tests that composed the CAP battery (92.8%), it is noteworthy that only one participant presented auditory skills within the normal range. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the variables % of errors and correct answers and reaction time with some CAP tests. The correlation between skills was dependent on the phonic class. In the class of occlusive, a correlation was observed between the percentage of correct answers and the Duration Pattern Test (DPT) when the response was humming. In the Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI), the performance in the right ear was correlated with the percentage of correct answers in the voiced class. In the class of vowels, there was a significant correlation between the reaction time of the correct answers and the Non-Verbal Dichotic Test, when the attention was directed to the right and to the left ear. There was also a correlation between the reaction time of correct answers and errors with the Random Gap Detection Test - RGDT, more specifically at the frequency of 4000 Hz. Finally, there was also a significant correlation between the reaction time of the fricative class errors and the Dichotic Digit Test when the attention was directed to the right ear. It can be said 18 that there is a correlation between some CAP skills and perceptual-auditory performance in children with SSD depending on the phonic class, suggesting a possible interaction between the auditory and sensory systems. It is noteworthy, however, that the relationship between CAP skills and perceptual-auditory performance in children with SSD is not linear or isomorphic in nature.
The speech production process involves the integration of auditory, somatosensory and motor information in the brain. Therefore, assessing hearing skills in children with speech sounds disorder (SSD) can assist in the diagnostic and therapeutic process of this population. The present study aimed to correlate auditory skills with the perceptual performance in the identification of phonological contrasts in children with SSD. This is an exploratory and crosssectional study conducted in 2020 in two cities in the interior of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 14 children, of both genders, diagnosed with speech sound disorder, established by the phonology tests, with a survey of the Percentage of Consonants Correct - Revised (PCCR), and age between 7 and 14 years. The following procedures were used: basic audiological and behavioral assessment of central auditory processing (CAP) and application of PERCERFAL. PERCEFAL was used to assess the identification of phonological contrasts. The CAP behavioral battery consisted of the following tests: Dichotic Digit, Non-Verbal Dichotic , Frequency Pattern Test, Duration Pattern Test, Random Gap Detection Test - RGDT and Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI). The performance of individuals in the tests of central auditory processing and the identification of phonological contrasts were analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient, which correlated the variables of perceptual-auditory performance (percentage of errors, successes and reaction time) with the performance in the tests who assessed hearing skills. The significance level of 5% (0.050) was adopted. The results showed that most of the individuals presented alterations in at least one of the tests that composed the CAP battery (92.8%), it is noteworthy that only one participant presented auditory skills within the normal range. The statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between the variables % of errors and correct answers and reaction time with some CAP tests. The correlation between skills was dependent on the phonic class. In the class of occlusive, a correlation was observed between the percentage of correct answers and the Duration Pattern Test (DPT) when the response was humming. In the Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI), the performance in the right ear was correlated with the percentage of correct answers in the voiced class. In the class of vowels, there was a significant correlation between the reaction time of the correct answers and the Non-Verbal Dichotic Test, when the attention was directed to the right and to the left ear. There was also a correlation between the reaction time of correct answers and errors with the Random Gap Detection Test - RGDT, more specifically at the frequency of 4000 Hz. Finally, there was also a significant correlation between the reaction time of the fricative class errors and the Dichotic Digit Test when the attention was directed to the right ear. It can be said 18 that there is a correlation between some CAP skills and perceptual-auditory performance in children with SSD depending on the phonic class, suggesting a possible interaction between the auditory and sensory systems. It is noteworthy, however, that the relationship between CAP skills and perceptual-auditory performance in children with SSD is not linear or isomorphic in nature.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Transtorno fonológico, Criança, Audição, Fala, Percepção auditiva, Testes auditivos, Phonological disorder, Child, Hearing, Speech, Auditory perception, Hearing tests
Como citar
MARTINS, Rita de Cássia Giriboni. Desempenho perceptivo auditivo de indivíduos com
transtorno dos sons da fala. 2021. 80 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências de Marília, 2021.