Análise de estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem aplicada a uma turma de alunos de engenharia de produção
Data
2021-11-16
Autores
Pirtouscheg, André Luís Ortiz
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O ensino superior vem passando nos últimos anos por mudanças significativas no que diz respeito, as modalidades de ensinos, novas diretrizes para o ensino da engenharia, os desafios do mercado de trabalho, as novas tecnologias e as mudanças sociais que impactam no perfil dos egressos, estas questões influenciam diretamente no dia a dia do docente, que necessita buscar alternativas para oferecer aos alunos forma de transmissão do conhecimento que sejam realmente eficazes. O objetivo deste estudo consiste em desenvolver abordagens educacionais que atendam às necessidades dos discentes e que sejam mais adequadas aos seus estilos de aprendizagem. Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa-ação sobre possíveis formas de ensino e aprendizagem aplicadas a uma turma de alunos do curso de Engenharia de Produção. A pesquisa e o método foram desenvolvidos e aplicados a um grupo de estudantes do sétimo período de engenharia de produção na disciplina de Marketing, sendo importante ressaltar que as pesquisas foram aprovadas por um comitê de ética e cadastradas na Plataforma Brasil. As estratégias definidas tiveram como base a aplicação dos questionários de Index of Learning Styles (ILS), que avalia o estilo de aprendizagem predominante entre os alunos, oferecendo insights às possíveis abordagens de ensino, baseado em teoria educacional e ensino da engenharia. Na sequência foi aplicada a Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) com a intenção de hierarquizar os métodos de ensino analisados e auxiliar nas tomadas de decisão com relação à abordagem quando necessário. A teoria sociointeracionista de Vygotsky norteou a estrutura do plano de aula. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a questão da necessidade de se definir de forma científica os meios de ensino e aprendizagem, bem como a adoção de um referencial teórico educacional que atenda aos alunos. Com o plano de ensino devidamente estruturado, tendo como base as estratégias de transmissão do conhecimento definidas com base nos resultado obtidos no inventário de ILS, que apresentou os discentes com tendências de aprendizagem, ativos, sequenciais, visuais e sensitivos, e organizados sobre a ótica do sociointeracionismo, apresentaram um resultado positivo por parte dos alunos, conforme demonstrado com aplicação do modelo de Kano, utilizado para verificação do índice de satisfação dos discentes em relação ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem proposto.
Higher education has been going through significant changes in recent years in terms of teaching methods, new guidelines for engineering education, the challenges of the job market, new technologies, and social changes that have an impact on the profile of graduates. It is worth mentioning that researches have been approved by an ethics committee and registered on Plataforma Brasil. It aims to develop educational approaches that meet the needs of students, while at the same time being the most suitable to their learning styles. Its strategies were defined based on the Index of Learning Styles (ILS) questionnaires was selected as strategy to assess the predominant learning style among students and offer insights into possible teaching approaches based on educational theory and engineering education. Next, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was performed in order to hierarchize the analyzed teaching methods and assist in decision-making processes regarding possible approaches towards Vygotsky's sociocultural theory guided its lesson plan structure. Obtained results reveal that there must be scientific methods aimed at defining the means of teaching and learning, as well as the adoption of an educational theoretical framework that adequately meets students’ needs. Once having properly structured a teaching plan based on strategies to impart knowledge established in accordance with the ILS questionnaire results, which presented students’ learning trends, i.e. active, sequential, visual and sensitive, organized in the view of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, students showed a positive result. Furthermore, Kano’s model was used with the purpose of checking students’ satisfaction index regarding the proposed educational process to evidence such result.
Higher education has been going through significant changes in recent years in terms of teaching methods, new guidelines for engineering education, the challenges of the job market, new technologies, and social changes that have an impact on the profile of graduates. It is worth mentioning that researches have been approved by an ethics committee and registered on Plataforma Brasil. It aims to develop educational approaches that meet the needs of students, while at the same time being the most suitable to their learning styles. Its strategies were defined based on the Index of Learning Styles (ILS) questionnaires was selected as strategy to assess the predominant learning style among students and offer insights into possible teaching approaches based on educational theory and engineering education. Next, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was performed in order to hierarchize the analyzed teaching methods and assist in decision-making processes regarding possible approaches towards Vygotsky's sociocultural theory guided its lesson plan structure. Obtained results reveal that there must be scientific methods aimed at defining the means of teaching and learning, as well as the adoption of an educational theoretical framework that adequately meets students’ needs. Once having properly structured a teaching plan based on strategies to impart knowledge established in accordance with the ILS questionnaire results, which presented students’ learning trends, i.e. active, sequential, visual and sensitive, organized in the view of Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, students showed a positive result. Furthermore, Kano’s model was used with the purpose of checking students’ satisfaction index regarding the proposed educational process to evidence such result.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Engenharia, Ensino e Aprendizagem, Estilos de aprendizagem, Estratégias, Vygotsky, Engineering, Teaching and Learning, Learning styles, Vygotsky, Estratégias de aprendizagem, Engenharia de produção - Estudo e ensino, Ensino superior