Variabilidade espacial de atributos físicos de um Latossolo sob a cultura da soja no Cerrado em sistema de plantio direto
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Data
2022-01-06
Autores
Costa, Carlos Matheus Santos da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil, na safra 2020/2021 assumiu o posto de maior produtor de soja do mundo. O mal manejo da agricultura pode impactar negativamente na qualidade do solo. O sistema de plantio direto (SPD), é uma alternativa de manejo conservacionista do solo. O uso de técnicas geoestatísticas, permite que se elabore semivariogramas, que quantificam a dependência espacial em relação a atributos do solo, permitindo que se obtenha estimativas mais exatas das propriedades do solo, em locais que não foram amostrados. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar de forma linear e espacial os atributos físicos de um LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrófico no cerrado sob cultivo da cultura da soja em sistema de plantio direto sequeiro. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda de Ensino Pesquisa e Extensão da UNESP (FEPE) em Selvíria, MS. O tratamento consistiu em uma área de cultivo da cultura da soja sob sistema de plantio direto, no ano agrícola de 2019/20. Formou-se um plano cartesiano com 60 pontos e, em cada um dos pontos foram avaliados: Resistência à Penetração com o penetrômetro de impacto (RP); Resistência a Penetração de Bancada (RPb) Umidade Gravimétrica (UG); Densidade da Partícula (DP) e Porosidade Total Calculada (PTc) em duas profundidades (0,00-0,20 m e 0,20-0,40 m). Para cada atributo foi realizado a análise descritiva auxiliada pela estatística clássica e a análise da distribuição de frequência por meio do teste de Shapiro e Wilk com 1% probabilidade de erro. Foram ajustados semivariogramas, pelo uso do GS+. Foram elaborados mapas de variabilidade espacial dos atributos da área estudada. De acordo com os valores médios de RP e PT foi possível observar indícios de compactação em ambas as camadas do solo, com maior grau na camada superficial de 0,00-0,20 m. Com exceção dos atributos (UG2 e DP2), todos os demais atributos indicaram efeito pepita puro.
Brazil, in the 2020/2021 harvest, assumed the post of largest soybean producer in the world. Poor agricultural management can negatively impact soil quality. The no-tillage system (SPD) is an alternative for soil conservation management. The use of geostatistical techniques allows the elaboration of semivariograms, which quantify the spatial dependence in relation to soil attributes, allowing to obtain more accurate estimates of soil properties, in places that were not sampled. The objective of this work was to analyze, in a linear and spatial way, the physical attributes of an Oxisol in the Savanah under cultivation of the soybean crop in a rainfed no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at the Farm of Teaching, Research and Extension at UNESP (FEPE) in Selvíria, MS. The treatment consisted of a soybean cultivation area under no-tillage system, in the 2019/20 agricultural year. A Cartesian plane with 60 points was formed and, at each point, the following were evaluated: Penetration resistance with an impact penetrometer (RP); Bench Penetration Resistance (RPb) Gravimetric Humidity (UG); Particle Density (DP) and Calculated Total Porosity (PTc) at two depths (0.00-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m). Descriptive analysis aided by classical statistics and frequency distribution analysis using the Shapiro and Wilk test with 1% error probability were performed for each attribute. Crossed semivariograms between the following combinations of attributes were fitted using GS+: soil x soil. Spatial variability maps of the attributes of the studied area were elaborated. According to the mean values of RP and PT, it was possible to observe signs of compaction in both soil layers, with a greater degree in the 0.00-0.20 m surface layer. With the exception of the attributes (UG2 and DP2), all others indicated a pure nugget effect.
Brazil, in the 2020/2021 harvest, assumed the post of largest soybean producer in the world. Poor agricultural management can negatively impact soil quality. The no-tillage system (SPD) is an alternative for soil conservation management. The use of geostatistical techniques allows the elaboration of semivariograms, which quantify the spatial dependence in relation to soil attributes, allowing to obtain more accurate estimates of soil properties, in places that were not sampled. The objective of this work was to analyze, in a linear and spatial way, the physical attributes of an Oxisol in the Savanah under cultivation of the soybean crop in a rainfed no-tillage system. The experiment was conducted at the Farm of Teaching, Research and Extension at UNESP (FEPE) in Selvíria, MS. The treatment consisted of a soybean cultivation area under no-tillage system, in the 2019/20 agricultural year. A Cartesian plane with 60 points was formed and, at each point, the following were evaluated: Penetration resistance with an impact penetrometer (RP); Bench Penetration Resistance (RPb) Gravimetric Humidity (UG); Particle Density (DP) and Calculated Total Porosity (PTc) at two depths (0.00-0.20 m and 0.20-0.40 m). Descriptive analysis aided by classical statistics and frequency distribution analysis using the Shapiro and Wilk test with 1% error probability were performed for each attribute. Crossed semivariograms between the following combinations of attributes were fitted using GS+: soil x soil. Spatial variability maps of the attributes of the studied area were elaborated. According to the mean values of RP and PT, it was possible to observe signs of compaction in both soil layers, with a greater degree in the 0.00-0.20 m surface layer. With the exception of the attributes (UG2 and DP2), all others indicated a pure nugget effect.
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Palavras-chave
Porosidade do solo, Manejo e conservação do solo e geoestatística, Soil porosity, Soil management and conservation and geostatistics