Derivados de anonáceas neotropicais: ação sobre Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville e Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), perfil metabolômico e mistura com inseticidas sintéticos
Carregando...
Data
2022-02-16
Autores
Gorri, Jéssica Emiliane Rodrigues
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com a expansão do mercado de café Coffea arábica L. em nível global, se faz necessário minimizar os impasses da produção, tais como os problemas fitossanitários relacionados ao ataque de insetos-praga. Dentre as espécies comuns na lavoura, destaca-se o bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville e Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), praga-chave para a cultura. Seu controle é realizado por aplicações de inseticidas sintéticos, sendo indispensável o estudo de alternativas que auxiliam o controle atual. Derivados botânicos são altamente estudados no controle de insetos-praga, porém, tais derivados possuem características que dificultam sua utilização a campo. Visando contornar características limitantes no emprego de inseticidas sintéticos, bem como de derivados botânicos, o uso associado das duas práticas vem sendo alvo de pesquisas focando a possibilidade de sinergismo. De tal forma, este estudo avaliou, inicialmente, a ação de extratos etanólicos provenientes de sementes de cinco espécies de Annona spp. (Annonaceae) sobre L. coffeella, para selecionar um extrato promissor. Na sequência, o extrato selecionado foi avaliado em mistura com inseticidas sintéticos em três populações da praga (Rio Paranaíba-MG, Franca-SP e Botucatu-SP) em casa de vegetação e a campo (Botucatu-SP). Extratos etanólicos de sementes de Annona mucosa (ESAM) foi o derivado que demonstrou maior eficiencia (80% de mortalidade para lagartas de 2° - 3° instares). Em seguida, as cinco espécies foram divididas em partições hexânicas e metanólicas e novamente avaliadas quanto à bioatividade sobre L. coffeella. A partir dos resultados, a espécie A. mucosa foi selecionada para as análises metabolômicas por apresentar maior mortalidade média de lagartas e menor área foliar consumida. As frações metanólicas indicaram seis glicerofosfolipídeos, incluindo lisolecitina, os alcaloides isoquinolínicos roemerina e reticulina e o alcaloide derivado do ácido cinâmico moupinamida. Em adição, observou-se acetogeninas, divididas em duas famílias moleculares. As frações hexânicas indicaram três classes principais: ácidos graxos, ésteres e fitosteróis. Os efeitos da CL50 do extrato botânico foram avaliados quanto a aspectos biológicos do inseto, revelando ação ovicida, redução de viabilidade das lagartas e redução da área foliar consumida pelo inseto. Nas três populações da praga foi possível observar ação inseticida do ESAM (na CL50 previamente estimada) em mistura com os inseticidas sintéticos, sendo mais evidente nas populações de Franca e Rio Paranaíba com maior número de tratamentos, principalmente com o inseticida Benevia 100 OD® em mistura com ESAM na CL50. Em condição de campo, os tratamentos isolados e/ou em mistura com ESAM (na CL50) resultaram em eficácia acima de 90% após 7 dias da aplicação (DAA) e 65% após 14 DAA sobre a formação de minas iniciais, no qual o inseticida Altacor® demonstrou elevada eficiência independentemente da combinação com ESAM (CL50). Dessa forma, ESAM é uma fonte promissora de compostos com ação sobre L. coffeella e potente composto para uma possível mistura.
With the expansion of the coffee Coffea arabica L. market at a global level, it is necessary to minimize production impasses, such as phytosanitary problems related to the attack of insect pests. Among the common species in the field, the coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville and Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), is a key pest for the crop. Its control is carried out by applications of synthetic insecticides, being indispensable the study of alternatives that help the current control. Botanical derivatives are highly studied in the control of insect pests, however, such derivatives have characteristics that make their use in the field difficult. In order to circumvent limiting characteristics in the use of synthetic insecticides, as well as botanical derivatives, the associated use of both practices has been the subject of research focusing on the possibility of synergism. Thus, this study initially evaluated the action of ethanol extracts from seeds of five species of Annona spp. (Annonaceae) on L. coffeella, to select a promising extract. Subsequently, the selected extract was evaluated in a mixture with synthetic insecticides in three populations of the pest (Rio Paranaíba-MG, Franca-SP and Botucatu-SP) in a greenhouse and in the field (Botucatu-SP). Ethanol extracts from seeds of Annona mucosa (ESAM) was the derivative that showed the highest efficiency (80% mortality for 2nd - 3rd instar caterpillars). Then, the five species were divided into hexane and methanolic partitions and again evaluated for bioactivity on L. coffeella. Based on the results, the species A. mucosa was selected for the metabolomic analysis because it presented higher average mortality of caterpillars and lower leaf area consumed. The methanolic fractions indicated six glycerophospholipids, including lysolecithin, the isoquinoline alkaloids roemerine and reticulin, and the cinnamic acid-derived alkaloid moupinamide. In addition, acetogenins were observed, divided into two molecular families. The hexane fractions indicated three main classes: fatty acids, esters and phytosterols. The effects of the LC50 of the botanical extract were evaluated in terms of biological aspects of the insect, revealing ovicidal action, reduction of caterpillar viability and reduction of leaf area consumed by the insect. In the three populations of the pest, it was possible to observe the insecticidal action of ESAM (in the LC50 previously estimated) in mixture with synthetic insecticides, being more evident in the populations of Franca and Rio Paranaíba with the highest number of treatments, mainly with the insecticide Benevia 100 OD® in mix with ESAM in LC50. In field conditions, the treatments alone and/or in mixture with ESAM (in LC50) resulted in effectiveness above 90% after 7 days of application (DAA) and 65% after 14 DAA on the formation of initial mines, in which the Altacor® insecticide showed high efficiency regardless of the combination with ESAM (LC50). Thus, ESAM is a promising source of compounds with action on L. coffeella and a potent compound for a possible mixture.
With the expansion of the coffee Coffea arabica L. market at a global level, it is necessary to minimize production impasses, such as phytosanitary problems related to the attack of insect pests. Among the common species in the field, the coffee leaf miner, Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville and Perrottet) (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae), is a key pest for the crop. Its control is carried out by applications of synthetic insecticides, being indispensable the study of alternatives that help the current control. Botanical derivatives are highly studied in the control of insect pests, however, such derivatives have characteristics that make their use in the field difficult. In order to circumvent limiting characteristics in the use of synthetic insecticides, as well as botanical derivatives, the associated use of both practices has been the subject of research focusing on the possibility of synergism. Thus, this study initially evaluated the action of ethanol extracts from seeds of five species of Annona spp. (Annonaceae) on L. coffeella, to select a promising extract. Subsequently, the selected extract was evaluated in a mixture with synthetic insecticides in three populations of the pest (Rio Paranaíba-MG, Franca-SP and Botucatu-SP) in a greenhouse and in the field (Botucatu-SP). Ethanol extracts from seeds of Annona mucosa (ESAM) was the derivative that showed the highest efficiency (80% mortality for 2nd - 3rd instar caterpillars). Then, the five species were divided into hexane and methanolic partitions and again evaluated for bioactivity on L. coffeella. Based on the results, the species A. mucosa was selected for the metabolomic analysis because it presented higher average mortality of caterpillars and lower leaf area consumed. The methanolic fractions indicated six glycerophospholipids, including lysolecithin, the isoquinoline alkaloids roemerine and reticulin, and the cinnamic acid-derived alkaloid moupinamide. In addition, acetogenins were observed, divided into two molecular families. The hexane fractions indicated three main classes: fatty acids, esters and phytosterols. The effects of the LC50 of the botanical extract were evaluated in terms of biological aspects of the insect, revealing ovicidal action, reduction of caterpillar viability and reduction of leaf area consumed by the insect. In the three populations of the pest, it was possible to observe the insecticidal action of ESAM (in the LC50 previously estimated) in mixture with synthetic insecticides, being more evident in the populations of Franca and Rio Paranaíba with the highest number of treatments, mainly with the insecticide Benevia 100 OD® in mix with ESAM in LC50. In field conditions, the treatments alone and/or in mixture with ESAM (in LC50) resulted in effectiveness above 90% after 7 days of application (DAA) and 65% after 14 DAA on the formation of initial mines, in which the Altacor® insecticide showed high efficiency regardless of the combination with ESAM (LC50). Thus, ESAM is a promising source of compounds with action on L. coffeella and a potent compound for a possible mixture.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bicho-mineiro-do-cafeeiro, Annona spp, Extrato etanólico, Plantas inseticidas, Coffee leaf miner, Ethanol extract, Insecticidal plants.