Monitoramento espaço-temporal da vazão de rio por meio de técnica de sensoriamento remoto e implementação de uma plataforma de alerta para disponibilidade de água no Rio Araguaia (TO), Brasil.
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Data
2022-03-29
Autores
Junqueira, Adriano Martins [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fluxo do rio caracteriza a resposta integrada das bacias hidrográficas, sendo essencial sua quantificação para entender o ciclo de mudança da água e embasar uma gestão sustentável das águas. No entanto, as estações de medição de rios estão em declínio e as redes de observação terrestre vem diminuindo. Esta pesquisa propôs uma nova abordagem para estimar fluxos de rios usando a constelação de CubeSats Planet e técnicas de sensoriamento remoto, potencialmente gerando Estações Virtuais CubeSat (CVS) de monitoramento de vazão do rio. Além disso, a pesquisa implementou uma plataforma de alerta para disponibilidade de água para a agricultura. A área de estudo para testes dos métodos propostos foi uma sub bacia do Rio Araguaia, localizada no estado do Tocantins, que vem apresentando problemas de escassez hídrica dentro do bioma cerrado. A tese foi dividida em 2 etapas: A) determinação da relação de equivalência entre a vazão do rio e a área dos corpos d’água extraída por imagens de satélite; B) implementação de uma plataforma de alerta para disponibilidade de água para agricultura com imagens de CubeSats Planet. Foram encontradas correlações significativas entre as áreas dos corpos d´água com a estação virtual JASON (JVS) (R²=88,83%) e a estação convencional (CS) (R²=96,49%), indicando que as imagens do CubeSat podem ser utilizadas na CVS para estimar a vazão do rio. A implementação da plataforma de alerta de disponibilidade de água para agricultura demonstrou amplo potencial para incorporação de indicadores globais relacionados a questões de sustentabilidade, ações de conscientização e informação para as comunidades, revelando-se promissora na antecipação de situações de escassez hídrica da região e fomentando o engajamento de diferentes atores quantos à qualidade da vazão de rios. Tem-se como ambição que esta pesquisa venha a ser replicada, podendo melhorar a gestão da água e ser utilizado no apoio à agricultura, particularmente em países onde a presença de estações convencionais é frequentemente limitada devido aos custos associados de instalação, manutenção e operação
River flow characterizes the integrated response from watersheds, so Its quantification is essential to understand the water change cycle and underpin the sustainable management of freshwaters. However, river gauging stations are in decline with ground-based observation networks shrinking. This project proposed a new approach to estimate river flows using the Planet CubeSats constellation and remote sensing techniques, potentially generating CubeSat Virtual river flow monitoring Stations (CVS). In addition, the study implemented an water availability alert platform for agriculture. The study area used for testing the proposed methods was a sub basin of the Araguaia River, located in the state of Tocantins, which has been experiencing water scarcity problems within the cerrado biome. The project was divided into 2 stages: A) determination of the equivalence relationship between the river flow and the water body areas extracted by satellite images; B) implementation of an alert platform for water availability for agriculture with CubeSat Planet images. Significant correlations between the water bodies areas with JASON Virtual Station (JVS) (R²=88.83%) and Conventional Station (CS) (R²=96.49%) were found, indicating that CubeSat images can be used in CVS to estimate river flow. The implementation of the water availability alert platform for agriculture showed wide potential for the incorporation of global indicators related to sustainability issues, awareness and information actions for communities, proving to be promising in anticipating water scarcity situations in the region and encouraging the engagement of different actors regarding the quality of river flow. The ambition is that this project will be replicated, which can improve water management and be used to support agriculture, particularly in countries where the presence of conventional stations is often limited due to the associated costs of installation, maintenance and operation
River flow characterizes the integrated response from watersheds, so Its quantification is essential to understand the water change cycle and underpin the sustainable management of freshwaters. However, river gauging stations are in decline with ground-based observation networks shrinking. This project proposed a new approach to estimate river flows using the Planet CubeSats constellation and remote sensing techniques, potentially generating CubeSat Virtual river flow monitoring Stations (CVS). In addition, the study implemented an water availability alert platform for agriculture. The study area used for testing the proposed methods was a sub basin of the Araguaia River, located in the state of Tocantins, which has been experiencing water scarcity problems within the cerrado biome. The project was divided into 2 stages: A) determination of the equivalence relationship between the river flow and the water body areas extracted by satellite images; B) implementation of an alert platform for water availability for agriculture with CubeSat Planet images. Significant correlations between the water bodies areas with JASON Virtual Station (JVS) (R²=88.83%) and Conventional Station (CS) (R²=96.49%) were found, indicating that CubeSat images can be used in CVS to estimate river flow. The implementation of the water availability alert platform for agriculture showed wide potential for the incorporation of global indicators related to sustainability issues, awareness and information actions for communities, proving to be promising in anticipating water scarcity situations in the region and encouraging the engagement of different actors regarding the quality of river flow. The ambition is that this project will be replicated, which can improve water management and be used to support agriculture, particularly in countries where the presence of conventional stations is often limited due to the associated costs of installation, maintenance and operation
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Vazão de rio, Sensoriamento remoto com dados espaço-temporal, Segurança hídrica, Nexo alimento-energia-água-uso do solo-clima, CubeSat, Sistemas Aeroespaciais, River flow, Remote sensing with spatio-temporal data, Water security, Nexus food-energy-water-land use-climate, CubeSat, Aerospace Systems, Correntes fluviais - Medição, Sensoriamento remoto, Desenvolvimento sustentável