Efeito do processamento, inoculante bacteriano e tempo de armazenamento sobre a qualidade da silagem da planta inteira de milho
Carregando...
Data
2022-04-08
Autores
Andrade, Marina Elizabeth Barbosa [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se avaliar o impacto da utilização de processador de grãos, inoculação bacteriana e tempo de armazenamento, e suas interações sobre a fermentação, estabilidade aeróbia, características nutricionais e físicas da silagem de milho. Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a inoculação de silagem de milho com Lentilactobacillus buchneri armazenada por 360 dias no desempenho de cordeiros. Assim foram conduzidos três estudos: sendo o primeiro e segundo estudo realizados para avaliar o efeito do processamento e inoculação com L. buchneri, respectivamente, sobre o processo fermentativo, composição química, características físicas e degradabilidade in situ (DIS) da MS e amido de silagens de milho armazenadas por diferentes tempos. Com o terceiro estudo pode-se avaliar os efeitos da inoculação bacteriana de silagem de milho armazenadas por 360 dias e seus efeitos sobre o desempenho de ovinos terminados no confinamento. Nos estudos 1 e 2, os experimentos foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, como medidas repetidas no tempo, sendo que no estudo 1 foi considerado o efeito de processamento (sem e com utilização de processador de grãos na ensilagem) e sua interação com o tempo de armazenamento. No estudo 2 foi considerado o efeito de inoculação (sem e com utilização de L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 em uma concentração de 1 × 105 ufc / g de forragem na ensilagem) e sua interação com o tempo de armazenamento. Já o estudo de desempenho, foi conduzido em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, utilizando dois tratamentos (sem e com utilização de L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 em uma concentração de 1 × 105 ufc / g de forragem na ensilagem). Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o procedimento MIXED do SAS (SAS® Studio, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). Em todos os testes, médias foram comparadas pelo teste Tukey e diferenças significativas foram consideradas a 5% de probabilidade. No estudo 1, a proporção de FDN, FDA, lignina e carboidratos solúveis (CS), foram maiores quando se utilizou o processador de grãos no momento da ensilagem. Já o NNP, amido e prolamina foram menores quando se utilizou o processador. As proporções de MM, FDN e FDA diminuíram com o tempo de armazenamento, diferentemente do NNP o qual aumentou. No ácido butírico e NNH3, houve interação entre processamento e tempo de armazenamento. O etanol, 1,2 propanodiol e ácido acético não foram afetados pelo processamento. O ácido lático foi maior quando se utilizou o processador de grãos no momento da ensilagem, já os valores de ácido propiônico, pH, perdas de MS e produção de efluentes foram menores. O tempo de armazenamento não interferiu nos valores de etanol, pH e produção de efluentes, contudo, a proporção de 1,2 propanodiol, ácido lático, acético e propiônico, e perdas de MS foram afetadas. Na temperatura máxima houve interação entre processamento e tempo de armazenamento. A estabilidade aeróbia (EA), ADITE e perdas de MS durante o tempo de estabilidade (PMSE), não diferiram entre os processamentos de grãos (uso ou não). Por outro lado, todas essas variáveis apresentaram diferenças quando avaliado em relação ao tempo de armazenamento. Houve interação entre processamento e tempo de armazenamento nas proporções retidas na peneira de 8 e 4 mm. O KPS, a peneira de 19 mm e o fundo foram afetadas pelo tipo de processamento utilizado durante a ensilagem. A utilização ou não de processador de grãos na ensilagem resultou em maior DIS do amido (12h), contudo o tempo de armazenamento não afetou essa variável. A DIS da MS (12h), DIS da MS (24h) e a DIS do amido (24h) não apresentaram diferenças quando comparadas quanto ao tipo de processamento, tempo de armazenamento e a interação desses fatores. Conclui-se que a utilização do processador de grãos na ensilagem aumentou o KPS, melhorou a DIS do amido (12h) e a qualidade fermentativa da massa ensilada. As variáveis relacionadas com estabilidade aeróbia das silagens apresentaram melhores resultados em tempos mais prolongados de armazenamento. No estudo 2, nas proporções de NNP e CS houve interação entre inoculação e tempo de armazenamento. A MS, FDN, Lignina, PB, amido e pro-lamina não foram afetadas pelo uso de inoculante. O tempo de armazenamento não interferiu na lignina, PB e prolamina. As proporções de MM, FDN e FDA diminuíram ao longo do tempo de armazenamento, enquanto as proporções de amido aumentaram. O etanol não foi afetado pela inoculação, assim como os valores de pH, NNH3, perdas de MS e produção de efluentes. Contudo, o 1,2 propanodiol, o ácido lático, o ácido acético e o ácido propiônico, foram maiores e o ácido butírico menor quando se utilizou L. buchneri como inoculante na ensilagem. O tempo de armazenamento não interferiu nos valores de etanol, 1,2 propanodiol, ácido lático, ácido acético e NNH3. Contudo, o ácido propiônico, ácido butírico, pH, perdas de MS e produção de efluentes foram afetadas quando armazenadas por diferentes tempos. Na EA e ADITE houve interação entre a inoculação e o tempo de armazenamento. A temperatura máxima e PMSE, não diferiram entre os tratamentos. Por outro lado, essas variáveis apresentaram diferenças quando avaliado em relação ao tempo de armazenamento. O KPS e as proporções retidas nas peneiras de 19, 8, 4 mm e fundo não foram afetadas pelo tempo de armazenamento. A DIS da MS (12h), apresentou interação entre o tempo de armazenamento e a inoculação. Na DIS da MS (24h) e na DIS do amido (24h) observamos diferenças nos tempos diferentes de armazenamento, contudo, a inoculação não afetou essas variáveis. A inoculação e o tempo de armazenamento não afetaram a DIS do amido (12h). Conclui-se que o tempo mais prolongado de armazenamento melhorou a DIS (24 h) da MS e amido. As variáveis relacionadas com a estabilidade aeróbia responderam positivamente ao tratamento utilizando inoculante até os 150 dias de armazenamento, após 150 dias de armazenamento a utilização ou não de L. buchneri foi indiferente considerando essas variáveis. A inoculação com L. buchneri na ensilagem melhorou a qualidade fermentativa da massa ensilada. No estudo 3, não foram encontradas diferenças na composição química das silagens de milho armazenadas por 360 dias, utilizando ou não L. buchneri como inoculante no momento da ensilagem. Igualmente, o consumo de nutrientes, ganho de peso médio diário, eficiência alimentar, rendimento de carcaça e as perdas por resfriamento dos cordeiros durante o confinamento, não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas. Já dentre os produtos da fermentação, os valores de 1,2 propanodiol, ácido acético e propiônico foram maiores quando se utilizou L. buchneri como inoculante, e menores no ácido butírico e N-NH3. Conclui-se que a inoculação com L. buchneri, aliada ao longo tempo de armazenamento, modificou o padrão fermentativo das silagens, contudo essas mudanças não foram suficientes para alterar o consumo de matéria seca e de nutrientes pelos cordeiros, como também não afetou o desempenho.
The objective was to evaluate the impact of using a grain processor, bacterial inoculation and storage time, and their interactions on fermentation, aerobic stability, nutritional and physical characteristics of corn silage. Additionally, the inoculation of corn silage with Lentilactobacillus buchneri stored for 360 days on the performance of lambs was evaluated. Thus, three studies were conducted: the first and second studies were to evaluate the effect of processing and inoculation with L. buchneri, respectively, on the fermentation process, chemical composition, physical characteristics and in situ degradability (ISD) of DM and starch from corn silages stored for different times. In the third study, it was possible to evaluate the effects of bacterial inoculation of corn silage stored for 360 days and the results on the performance of sheep finished in feedlots. The studies 1 and 2, were made in a completely randomized design, with repeated measures in time. In study 1, the processing effect (with and without the use of a grain processor in the ensilage) and its interaction with storage time were evaluated. In study 2, the inoculation effect (with and without the use of L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 at a concentration of 1 × 105 cfu / g of for-age in the ensilage) and its interaction with storage time were evaluated. The performance study was made in a completely randomized design, using two treatments (without and with the use of L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 at a concen-tration of 1 × 105 cfu / g of forage in the ensilage). Data were analyzed using the SAS MIXED procedure (SAS® Studio, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). In all tests, means were compared using the Tukey test and significant differences were considered at 5% probability. In study 1, the proportions of NDF, ADF, Lignin and soluble carbohydrates (SC) were higher when the grain processor was used at the time of ensiling. On the other hand, NNP, starch and prolamin were lower when the processor was used. The proportions of MM, NDF and ADF decreased with storage time, unlike NNP which increased. In butyric acid and NNH3, there was interaction between processing and storage time. Ethanol, 1,2 propanediol and acetic acid were not affected by processing. Lactic acid was higher when the grain processor was used at the time of ensiling, while the values of propionic acid, pH, DM losses and effluent production were lower. The storage time did not affect the values of ethanol, pH and effluent production, however, the proportion of 1,2 propanediol, lactic, acetic and propionic acid, and DM losses were affected. At maximum temperature, there was an interaction between processing and storage time. Aerobic stability (AS), ADITE and DM losses during stability time (DMLS) did not differ between grain processing (use or not). On the other hand, all these variables showed differ-ences when evaluated in relation to storage time. There was interaction between processing and storage time in the proportions retained in the 8-mm and 4-mm sieve. KPS, 19-mm sieve and bottom were affected by the type of processing used during ensiling. The use or not of a grain processor in the silage resulted in higher starch ISD (12h), however the storage time did not affect this variable. DM ISD (12h), DM ISD (24h) and starch ISD (24h) did not show differences when compared with regard to the type of processing, storage time and the interaction of these factors. It is concluded that the use of the grain processor in the silage increased the KPS, improved the ISD of the starch (12h) and the fermentative quality of the ensiled mass. The variables related to aerobic stability of silages showed better results in longer storage times. In study 2, in the proportions of NNP and SC, there was an interaction between inoculation and storage time. DM, NDF, Lignin, CP, starch and prolamin were not affected by inoculant use. Storage time did not affect lignin, CP and prolamin. The proportions of MM, NDF and ADF decreased over time of storage, while the proportions of starch increased. Ethanol was not affected by inoculation, as well as pH values, NNH3, DM losses and effluent production. However, 1,2 propanediol, lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were higher and butyric acid was lower when L. buchneri was used as inoculant in silage. Storage time did not affect the values of ethanol, 1,2 propanediol, lactic acid, acetic acid and NNH3. However, propionic acid, butyric acid, pH, DM losses and effluent production were affected when stored for different times. In AS and ADITE, there was an interaction between inoculation and storage time. The maximum temperature and DMLS did not differ between treatments. On the other hand, these variables showed differences when evaluated in relation to storage time. KPS and proportions retained on 19, 8, 4 mm and bottom sieves were not affected by storage time. DM ISD (12h) showed interaction between storage time and inoculation. In DM ISD (24h) and starch ISD (24h) were observed differences in different storage times, however, inoculation did not affect these variables. Inoculation and storage time did not affect starch ISD (12h). It was concluded that the longer storage time improved the ISD (24 h) of DM and starch. The variables related to aerobic stability responded positively to the treatment using inoculant up to 150 days of storage, after 150 days the use or not of L. buchneri was indifferent considering these variables. Inoculation with L. buchneri in the silage improved the fermentative quality of the ensiled mass. In study 3, no differences were found in the chemical composition of corn silages stored for 360 days, using or not L. buchneri as inoculant at the time of ensiling. Also, during feedlots the consumption of nutrients, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass yield and losses due to cooling of lambs did not show statistical differences. Among the fermentation products, the values of 1,2 propanediol, acetic and propionic acid were higher when using L. buchneri as inoculant, and lower in butyric acid and N-NH3. It was concluded that the inoculation with L. buchneri, combined with the long storage time, modified the fermentation pattern of the silages, however these changes were not enough to alter the dry matter and nutrients intake by the lambs, but also did not affect performance.
The objective was to evaluate the impact of using a grain processor, bacterial inoculation and storage time, and their interactions on fermentation, aerobic stability, nutritional and physical characteristics of corn silage. Additionally, the inoculation of corn silage with Lentilactobacillus buchneri stored for 360 days on the performance of lambs was evaluated. Thus, three studies were conducted: the first and second studies were to evaluate the effect of processing and inoculation with L. buchneri, respectively, on the fermentation process, chemical composition, physical characteristics and in situ degradability (ISD) of DM and starch from corn silages stored for different times. In the third study, it was possible to evaluate the effects of bacterial inoculation of corn silage stored for 360 days and the results on the performance of sheep finished in feedlots. The studies 1 and 2, were made in a completely randomized design, with repeated measures in time. In study 1, the processing effect (with and without the use of a grain processor in the ensilage) and its interaction with storage time were evaluated. In study 2, the inoculation effect (with and without the use of L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 at a concentration of 1 × 105 cfu / g of for-age in the ensilage) and its interaction with storage time were evaluated. The performance study was made in a completely randomized design, using two treatments (without and with the use of L. buchneri CNCM I-4323 at a concen-tration of 1 × 105 cfu / g of forage in the ensilage). Data were analyzed using the SAS MIXED procedure (SAS® Studio, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC). In all tests, means were compared using the Tukey test and significant differences were considered at 5% probability. In study 1, the proportions of NDF, ADF, Lignin and soluble carbohydrates (SC) were higher when the grain processor was used at the time of ensiling. On the other hand, NNP, starch and prolamin were lower when the processor was used. The proportions of MM, NDF and ADF decreased with storage time, unlike NNP which increased. In butyric acid and NNH3, there was interaction between processing and storage time. Ethanol, 1,2 propanediol and acetic acid were not affected by processing. Lactic acid was higher when the grain processor was used at the time of ensiling, while the values of propionic acid, pH, DM losses and effluent production were lower. The storage time did not affect the values of ethanol, pH and effluent production, however, the proportion of 1,2 propanediol, lactic, acetic and propionic acid, and DM losses were affected. At maximum temperature, there was an interaction between processing and storage time. Aerobic stability (AS), ADITE and DM losses during stability time (DMLS) did not differ between grain processing (use or not). On the other hand, all these variables showed differ-ences when evaluated in relation to storage time. There was interaction between processing and storage time in the proportions retained in the 8-mm and 4-mm sieve. KPS, 19-mm sieve and bottom were affected by the type of processing used during ensiling. The use or not of a grain processor in the silage resulted in higher starch ISD (12h), however the storage time did not affect this variable. DM ISD (12h), DM ISD (24h) and starch ISD (24h) did not show differences when compared with regard to the type of processing, storage time and the interaction of these factors. It is concluded that the use of the grain processor in the silage increased the KPS, improved the ISD of the starch (12h) and the fermentative quality of the ensiled mass. The variables related to aerobic stability of silages showed better results in longer storage times. In study 2, in the proportions of NNP and SC, there was an interaction between inoculation and storage time. DM, NDF, Lignin, CP, starch and prolamin were not affected by inoculant use. Storage time did not affect lignin, CP and prolamin. The proportions of MM, NDF and ADF decreased over time of storage, while the proportions of starch increased. Ethanol was not affected by inoculation, as well as pH values, NNH3, DM losses and effluent production. However, 1,2 propanediol, lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid were higher and butyric acid was lower when L. buchneri was used as inoculant in silage. Storage time did not affect the values of ethanol, 1,2 propanediol, lactic acid, acetic acid and NNH3. However, propionic acid, butyric acid, pH, DM losses and effluent production were affected when stored for different times. In AS and ADITE, there was an interaction between inoculation and storage time. The maximum temperature and DMLS did not differ between treatments. On the other hand, these variables showed differences when evaluated in relation to storage time. KPS and proportions retained on 19, 8, 4 mm and bottom sieves were not affected by storage time. DM ISD (12h) showed interaction between storage time and inoculation. In DM ISD (24h) and starch ISD (24h) were observed differences in different storage times, however, inoculation did not affect these variables. Inoculation and storage time did not affect starch ISD (12h). It was concluded that the longer storage time improved the ISD (24 h) of DM and starch. The variables related to aerobic stability responded positively to the treatment using inoculant up to 150 days of storage, after 150 days the use or not of L. buchneri was indifferent considering these variables. Inoculation with L. buchneri in the silage improved the fermentative quality of the ensiled mass. In study 3, no differences were found in the chemical composition of corn silages stored for 360 days, using or not L. buchneri as inoculant at the time of ensiling. Also, during feedlots the consumption of nutrients, daily weight gain, feed efficiency, carcass yield and losses due to cooling of lambs did not show statistical differences. Among the fermentation products, the values of 1,2 propanediol, acetic and propionic acid were higher when using L. buchneri as inoculant, and lower in butyric acid and N-NH3. It was concluded that the inoculation with L. buchneri, combined with the long storage time, modified the fermentation pattern of the silages, however these changes were not enough to alter the dry matter and nutrients intake by the lambs, but also did not affect performance.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Processador de grãos, Inoculantes bacterianos, Estabilidade aeróbia, Desempenho animal, Degradabilidade in situ, Nutrição animal, Plantas forrageiras, Inoculação preventiva