Análise de cargas e estruturas em asas de aeronaves SAE aerodesign
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Data
2022-11-17
Autores
Oliveira, Milena Poletto Araújo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Projetos de aeronaves de competições de Aerodesign são estratificados em diversas etapas, que
compreendem as avaliações técnicas de seus sistemas e componentes, bem como a confecção de
protótipos para o voo. Nesse contexto, um dos maiores desafios para as equipes está no projeto
estrutural da aeronave, pois, em sua concepção, são empregadas geometrias complexas e os projetistas
devem escolher materiais de baixo custo que suportem as cargas estruturais (com destaque para a
longarina e nervuras das asas) devido às limitações orçamentárias. Dessa forma, a proposta deste
trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de uma metodologia estrutural que aborde diferentes critérios
para a seleção de materiais e a análise estática dos principais componentes aeronáuticos de uma asa
típica de Aerodesign. Nesta etapa emprega-se o método dos elementos finitos. Para tanto, comparou-se
duas asas com valores distintos de massa, resistência mecânica, rigidez e custo. Desse modo, com os
resultados obtidos, foi possível observar uma economia de aproximadamente 40% em massa total para
uma estrutura de composição mista de madeira e material composto em relação a uma asa inteiramente
projetada com material compósito. Isso indica que apesar da primeira apresente propriedades mecânicas
inferiores, sua utilização foi viabilizada para o cumprimento da análise estrutural em questão.
Aircraft projects for Aerodesign competitions are stratified in several stages, which include the technical evaluations of their systems and components as well as the making of prototypes for the flight. In this context, one of the biggest challenges for a team is the devepment of the aircraft’s structural design, because of the use of complex geometries and limitations to select materials that support the structural loads (especially the spar and ribs of the wings) due to budget constraints. Thus, the purpose of this work is to develop a structural methodology that addresses different criteria for the material selection and the static analysis of the main aeronautical components of a typical Aerodesign wing with the finite element method approach. Therefore, two wings with different variables of mass, mechanical strength, stiffness and cost were compared. Thus, with the results obtained, it was possible to observe a reduction of approximately 40% in total mass for a structure made of wood and composite material in relation to a wing entirely designed with composite material. This indicates that although the first configuration has inferior mechanical properties, its use was made satisfactory to fulfill the structural analysis in question.
Aircraft projects for Aerodesign competitions are stratified in several stages, which include the technical evaluations of their systems and components as well as the making of prototypes for the flight. In this context, one of the biggest challenges for a team is the devepment of the aircraft’s structural design, because of the use of complex geometries and limitations to select materials that support the structural loads (especially the spar and ribs of the wings) due to budget constraints. Thus, the purpose of this work is to develop a structural methodology that addresses different criteria for the material selection and the static analysis of the main aeronautical components of a typical Aerodesign wing with the finite element method approach. Therefore, two wings with different variables of mass, mechanical strength, stiffness and cost were compared. Thus, with the results obtained, it was possible to observe a reduction of approximately 40% in total mass for a structure made of wood and composite material in relation to a wing entirely designed with composite material. This indicates that although the first configuration has inferior mechanical properties, its use was made satisfactory to fulfill the structural analysis in question.
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Palavras-chave
Engenharia aeroespacial, Materiais, Asas, Engenharia de estruturas