Redução do impacto ambiental provocado pela indústria de refrigeração com a reciclagem do resíduo de poliuretano na produção de compósitos a base de borracha natural/borracha sintética
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Data
2022-12-20
Autores
Carvalho, Arthur Pimentel de
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho de conclusão de curso consiste na obtenção e caracterização do
compósito de borracha natural (BN) e borracha sintética de estireno-butadieno (SBR), na
proporção de 50/50 com adição de resíduo poliuretano (PU) micronizado como reciclagem do
resíduo proveniente da indústria de refrigeração. O sistema de vulcanização utilizado foi o semieficiente (SEV). Investigou-se o reforço da interação da carga na matriz polimérica e as
propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos. Os compósitos foram caracterizados por meio das
técnicas de reometria, envelhecimento térmico acelerado, densidade, dureza, densidade de
ligações cruzadas por inchamento em solventes orgânicos utilizando a equação de FloryRehner, além da realização dos ensaios de resistência à tração, à abrasão e ao rasgo. Além disso,
os compósitos foram submetidos a análise de Lorentz-Park para estudar o efeito de interação
entre a carga e a matriz polimérica. Os resultados obtidos indicaram o possível efeito de reforço
da carga quando inserida na matriz polimérica, visto que houve o aumento do torque máximo,
bem como da dureza e da densidade de ligações cruzadas conforme a proporção de carga
aumentava na formulação. A inserção de carga não impactou na densidade do compósito nem
no tempo necessário para que houvesse a cura do compósito. Por fim, a caracterização do
compósito a partir da técnica de espectroscopia no infravermelho permitiu observar as bandas
características da borracha natural e estireno-butadieno (SBR), bem como a banda referente a
presença das ligações cruzadas no compósito. Os ensaios mecânicos evidenciaram o aumento
da rigidez do compósito conforme o aumento da carga, no qual para o compósito de 40 phr foi
notado a saturação da carga na matriz o que acarretou a perda de deformação do material e
também a maior perda de volume. Por fim, para a microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV),
foram estudados as superfícies e regiões de fraturas dos compósitos, assim foi possível verificar
a interação carga-matriz e também a saturação da carga para o compósito de 40 phr.
This work consists on obtaining and characterizing the compound of natural rubber (BN) and synthetic rubber of styrene-butadiene (SBR), in the proportion of 50/50 and dropping of micronized polyurethane (PU) residue as an end to Waste from the refrigeration industry. The vulcanization system used was the semi-efficient (SEV). The reinforcement of the filler interaction in the polymeric matrix and the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The composites were characterized by means of rheometry techniques, accelerated thermal aging, density, hardness, cross-linking densities by swelling in organic solvents using the Flory-Rehner equation, in addition to carrying out tensile strength, abrasion and resistance tear. Furthermore, composites were received from Lorenz-Park analysis to study the effect of interaction between the filler and the polymeric matrix. The results obtained indicated the possible filler effect when inserted in the polymeric matrix, since there was an increase in the maximum torque, as well as in the hardness and density of cross-links according to the proportion of increased filler in the formulation. Insertion of filler did not impact the density of the composite or the time required for the composite to cure. The characterization of the composite from the infrared spectroscopy technique allowed observing the characteristic bands of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene (SBR), as well as the band referring to the presence of crosslinks in the composite. The mechanical tests showed an increase in the rigidity of the composite as the load increased, in which for the composite of 40 phr it was noted the saturation of the load in the matrix, which led to the loss of deformation of the material and also the greater loss of volume. Finally, for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surfaces and fracture regions of the composites were studied, so it was possible to verify the load-matrix interaction and also the load saturation for the 40 phr composite.
This work consists on obtaining and characterizing the compound of natural rubber (BN) and synthetic rubber of styrene-butadiene (SBR), in the proportion of 50/50 and dropping of micronized polyurethane (PU) residue as an end to Waste from the refrigeration industry. The vulcanization system used was the semi-efficient (SEV). The reinforcement of the filler interaction in the polymeric matrix and the mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The composites were characterized by means of rheometry techniques, accelerated thermal aging, density, hardness, cross-linking densities by swelling in organic solvents using the Flory-Rehner equation, in addition to carrying out tensile strength, abrasion and resistance tear. Furthermore, composites were received from Lorenz-Park analysis to study the effect of interaction between the filler and the polymeric matrix. The results obtained indicated the possible filler effect when inserted in the polymeric matrix, since there was an increase in the maximum torque, as well as in the hardness and density of cross-links according to the proportion of increased filler in the formulation. Insertion of filler did not impact the density of the composite or the time required for the composite to cure. The characterization of the composite from the infrared spectroscopy technique allowed observing the characteristic bands of natural rubber and styrene-butadiene (SBR), as well as the band referring to the presence of crosslinks in the composite. The mechanical tests showed an increase in the rigidity of the composite as the load increased, in which for the composite of 40 phr it was noted the saturation of the load in the matrix, which led to the loss of deformation of the material and also the greater loss of volume. Finally, for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the surfaces and fracture regions of the composites were studied, so it was possible to verify the load-matrix interaction and also the load saturation for the 40 phr composite.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Reticulação, poliuretano, resíduos, borracha-natural, SBR, Crosslink, Polyurethane, Natural rubber