Importância do exercício físico para idosos e diabéticos em tempos de pandemia pela covid-19
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Data
2021-01
Autores
Gomes Netto, João
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente estudo propõe uma reflexão sobre a importância de combater o sedentarismo e
adotar a prática regular do exercício físico durante a pandemia de Covid-19, principalmente
pelo público diabético e idoso. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa que sintetiza pesquisas
anteriores e atuais bem como discute os principais resultados e conclusões de um escopo
específico da literatura disponível. Na operacionalização desta revisão, foram utilizadas as
seguintes etapas: seleção da questão temática, estabelecimento dos critérios para a seleção da
amostra, análise e interpretação dos resultados e apresentação da revisão. Foram selecionados
um total de 34 (trinta e quatro) estudos, que foram agrupados em 4 eixos temáticos:
sedentarismo; processo de envelhecimento e idoso; diabetes mellitus; Covid-19 e exercício
físico. Como resultado, (1) identificou-se que processo de envelhecimento traz agravos para a
saúde de idosos, interferindo negativamente em aspectos físicos e mentais, o que pode ser
prevenido e/ou atenuado adotando-se bons hábitos de vida, incluindo programas regulares de
exercícios físicos, tanto de natureza aeróbia quanto resistido; (2) que mesmo ocorre com
indivíduos diabéticos, os quais juntamente com a melhora em sua saúde física e mental,
adquirirem melhor controle sobre a patologia, a partir da melhora no quadro de resistência à
insulina em diabéticos tipo 2, que sofre agravamento a partir do sedentarismo; (3) que
indivíduos mais sedentários sobrepesados são mais susceptíveis a infecção e replicação do
SARS-Cov-2; (4) que o exercício estimula a liberação do hormônio irisina, que, por sua vez, é
capaz de estimular maior expressão do gene TRIB3, o qual exerce efeito protetor contra
infecção de pulmões , especialmente em idosos, cuja expressão do gene TRIB3 decai por
conta do processo de envelhecimento; (5) que a irisina pode desempenhar importante papel
em auxiliar na prevenção da Covid-19, reduzindo a prevalência do vírus em 34%, e
contribuindo para menor número de internações de pessoas ativas que desenvolveram Covid-
19 em comparação com as sedentárias. Portanto, manter-se fisicamente ativo possibilita a
estes grupos (idosos e diabéticos) obter melhor estado geral de saúde, longevidade e redução
da taxa de morbi-mortalidade, o que ganha maior relevância em tempos de pandemia pela
Covid- 19
The present study proposes a reflection on the importance of combating sedentary lifestyle and adopting the regular practice of physical exercise during the Covid-19 pandemic, mainly by the diabetic and elderly public. It is an integrative review that synthesizes previous and current research as well as discusses the main results and conclusions of a specific scope of the available literature. In the operationalization of this review, the following steps were used: selection of the thematic question, establishment of the criteria for the selection of the sample, analysis and interpretation of the results and presentation of the review. A total of 34 (thirtyfour) studies were selected, which were grouped into 4 thematic axes: sedentary lifestyle; aging and elderly process; diabetes mellitus; Covid-19 and physical exercise. As a result, (1) it was identified that the aging process brings harm to the health of the elderly, interfering negatively in physical and mental aspects, which can be prevented and / or mitigated by adopting good life habits, including regular health programs. physical exercises, both aerobic and resisted; (2) which even occurs with diabetic individuals, who together with the improvement in their physical and mental health, acquire better control over the pathology, from the improvement in the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics, which worsens from sedentary lifestyle; (3) that more sedentary overweight individuals are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication; (4) that exercise stimulates the release of the hormone irisin, which, in turn, is able to stimulate greater expression of the TRIB3 gene, which has a protective effect against lung infection, especially in the elderly, whose expression of the TRIB3 gene declines by account of the aging process; (5) that irisin can plays an important role in helping to prevent Covid-19, reducing the prevalence of the virus by 34%, and contributing to a lower number of hospitalizations of active people who developed Covid-19 compared to sedentary ones. Therefore, staying physically active allows these groups (the elderly and diabetics) to obtain a better general health status, longevity and reduced morbidity and mortality rate, which gains greater relevance in times of pandemic by Covid-19.
The present study proposes a reflection on the importance of combating sedentary lifestyle and adopting the regular practice of physical exercise during the Covid-19 pandemic, mainly by the diabetic and elderly public. It is an integrative review that synthesizes previous and current research as well as discusses the main results and conclusions of a specific scope of the available literature. In the operationalization of this review, the following steps were used: selection of the thematic question, establishment of the criteria for the selection of the sample, analysis and interpretation of the results and presentation of the review. A total of 34 (thirtyfour) studies were selected, which were grouped into 4 thematic axes: sedentary lifestyle; aging and elderly process; diabetes mellitus; Covid-19 and physical exercise. As a result, (1) it was identified that the aging process brings harm to the health of the elderly, interfering negatively in physical and mental aspects, which can be prevented and / or mitigated by adopting good life habits, including regular health programs. physical exercises, both aerobic and resisted; (2) which even occurs with diabetic individuals, who together with the improvement in their physical and mental health, acquire better control over the pathology, from the improvement in the insulin resistance in type 2 diabetics, which worsens from sedentary lifestyle; (3) that more sedentary overweight individuals are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication; (4) that exercise stimulates the release of the hormone irisin, which, in turn, is able to stimulate greater expression of the TRIB3 gene, which has a protective effect against lung infection, especially in the elderly, whose expression of the TRIB3 gene declines by account of the aging process; (5) that irisin can plays an important role in helping to prevent Covid-19, reducing the prevalence of the virus by 34%, and contributing to a lower number of hospitalizations of active people who developed Covid-19 compared to sedentary ones. Therefore, staying physically active allows these groups (the elderly and diabetics) to obtain a better general health status, longevity and reduced morbidity and mortality rate, which gains greater relevance in times of pandemic by Covid-19.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sedentarismo, Diabetes, Idoso, Exercício físico, Covid-19, Sedentarism, Diabetes, Elderly, Physical exercise