Efeitos do óleo de coco na adrenal de gerbilos
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Data
2023-04-05
Autores
Grigio, Vitor
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A adrenal é uma importante glândula endócrina responsável pela síntese de diversos hormônios esteroides como glicocorticoides, mineralocorticoides, precursores de andrógenos e estrógenos. O colesterol utilizado durante a esteroidogênese para produção desses hormônios esteroides é derivado das gorduras ingeridas na alimentação. A quantidade e qualidade desses lipídios interferem na produção hormonal e o excesso de consumo de lipídios pode impactar negativamente nesse processo. Além da gordura ingerida na alimentação, atualmente, vem crescendo o consumo de óleos como fitoterápicos como é o caso do óleo de coco. Dessa forma, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar os efeitos da ingestão prolongada de óleo de coco na adrenal de gerbilos. Para isso, gerbilos da Mongólia, machos, com 3 meses de idade, foram divididos em três grupos experimentais (n=12): um grupo controle intacto que não recebeu tratamento, um grupo controle de gavagem, que foram gavados com 0,1 ml de água diariamente, e um grupo tratado com óleo de coco, que recebeu 0,1 ml de óleo de coco diariamente. Os animais foram tratados durante 12 meses e eutanasiados com 15 meses de idade. Depois de coletados, os órgãos foram submetidos a análises morfológicas, morfométricas, imuno-histoquímicas para identificação de receptores, enzimas, proliferação e morte celular, além das análises hormonais e de Western Blotting. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o consumo prolongado de óleo de coco promoveu uma redução no acúmulo de grânulos de lipofuscina nas células do córtex da adrenal. Por outro lado, o óleo ocasionou aumento da área das células e da espessura da zona reticulada e do acúmulo de gotículas lipídicas, além de reduzir a quantidade de enzimas estereidogênicas como a CYP17, 3BHSD e 17BHSD. Foi observado também que o óleo aumenta a expressão dos receptores de estrógeno do tipo alfa. Essas alterações nos permitem concluir que as alterações na dieta lipídica podem ocasionar modificações na morfofisiologia da adrenal e consequentemente impactar na funcionalidade da glândula.
The adrenal is an important endocrine gland responsible for the synthesis of various steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgen precursors, and estrogens. The cholesterol used during steroidogenesis to produce these steroid hormones is derived from the fats ingested in the diet. The quantity and quality of these lipids interfere with hormone production, and excessive consumption of lipids can negatively impact this process. Besides the fat ingested in the diet, currently, the consumption of oils such as coconut oil has been increasing. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of prolonged coconut oil intake on the adrenal of gerbils. For this purpose, 3-month-old male Mongolian gerbils were divided into three experimental groups (n=12), an intact control group that received no treatment, a gavage control group, which were received, orally, 0.1 ml of water daily, and a coconut oil treated group, which received 0.1 ml of coconut oil daily. The animals were treated for 12 months and euthanized at 15 months of age. After being collected, the organs were submitted to morphological, morphometric, immunohistochemistry analyses to identify receptors, enzymes, proliferation, and cell death, as well as hormonal and Western Blotting analyses. The results obtained showed that prolonged coconut oil consumption promoted a reduction in the accumulation of lipofuscin granules in adrenal cells. On the other hand, the oil caused an increase in cell area and cross-linked zone thickness and lipid droplet accumulation, and reduced the amount of steroidogenic enzymes such as CYP17, 3BHSD, and 17BHSD. It was also observed that the oil increases the expression of estrogen receptors of the alpha type. These changes allow us to conclude that changes in the lipid diet may cause changes in adrenal morphophysiology and consequently impact the functionality of the gland.
The adrenal is an important endocrine gland responsible for the synthesis of various steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, androgen precursors, and estrogens. The cholesterol used during steroidogenesis to produce these steroid hormones is derived from the fats ingested in the diet. The quantity and quality of these lipids interfere with hormone production, and excessive consumption of lipids can negatively impact this process. Besides the fat ingested in the diet, currently, the consumption of oils such as coconut oil has been increasing. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify the effects of prolonged coconut oil intake on the adrenal of gerbils. For this purpose, 3-month-old male Mongolian gerbils were divided into three experimental groups (n=12), an intact control group that received no treatment, a gavage control group, which were received, orally, 0.1 ml of water daily, and a coconut oil treated group, which received 0.1 ml of coconut oil daily. The animals were treated for 12 months and euthanized at 15 months of age. After being collected, the organs were submitted to morphological, morphometric, immunohistochemistry analyses to identify receptors, enzymes, proliferation, and cell death, as well as hormonal and Western Blotting analyses. The results obtained showed that prolonged coconut oil consumption promoted a reduction in the accumulation of lipofuscin granules in adrenal cells. On the other hand, the oil caused an increase in cell area and cross-linked zone thickness and lipid droplet accumulation, and reduced the amount of steroidogenic enzymes such as CYP17, 3BHSD, and 17BHSD. It was also observed that the oil increases the expression of estrogen receptors of the alpha type. These changes allow us to conclude that changes in the lipid diet may cause changes in adrenal morphophysiology and consequently impact the functionality of the gland.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Óleo de coco, Adrenal, Esteroidogênese, Dieta lipídica, Gerbilo da Mongólia, Coconut oil, Steroidogenesis, Lipid diet, Mongolian gerbil