Polinização em cultura de laranja (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, var. Pera-Rio)
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Data
2003-01-01
Autores
Malerbo-Souza, Darclet Teresinha
Nogueira-Couto, Regina Helena [UNESP]
Couto, Leomam Almeida
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FMVZ)
Resumo
O presente experimento objetivou estudar uma cultura de laranja (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, var. Pera-Rio) quanto a biologia floral, insetos visitantes (espécies e tipo de coleta nas flores) e o efeito dos mesmos na produção dos frutos (qualidade e quantidade). A flor teve duração média de 25 horas e a concentração média de açúcares no néctar foi de 29,50 ± 1,30%, com 218,86 ± 97,39 µg de carboidratos totais por flor. Durante 2 anos consecutivos (1993 e 1994), o inseto mais freqüente nas flores foi a abelha A. mellifera. em todos os horários avaliados as flores apresentavam-se igualmente disponíveis para a polinização. As A. mellifera coletaram principalmente néctar (94,40%) do que pólen (5,60%). A porcentagem de fecundação das flores foi maior (57,40%) nas visitadas pelos insetos (tratamento descoberto) do que as não visitadas (tratamento coberto). As flores não visitadas ou que receberam poucas visitas (até nove) das abelhas A. mellifera mostraram menor porcentagem de fecundação. As flores visitadas pelos insetos produziram maior quantidade de frutos (aumento de 35,30%), frutos mais pesados (180,2g), mais doces (1,164g de ác. cítrico/100g de amostra) e com maior número médio de sementes por gomo (1 semente/gomo) que as flores não visitadas pelos insetos.
Pollination in sweet orange crop, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, var. Pera-Rio. The present experiment was performed to study the frequency and behaviour of insects on sweet orange flowers, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, the effect these insects on fruit production (quantity and quality) besides measurements of the collection type of more frequent bees. During three consecutive years the more frequent insect visiting the flower was Apis mellifera (africanized). The flowers visited by few or neither honey bees (until 9 visits) showed minor percentage of fruition. The fruit production was 35.30% greater in uncovered flowers. The mean weight of fruits was too greater in uncovered flowers (180.2g) than covered ones (168.5g). The fruits from the covered treatments were more acids (1.411g citric acid/100ml of juice) than uncovered ones (1.164g citric acid/100ml of juice). The number of seeds per bud was higher in uncovered treatment (1 seed/bud) than covered one (0.8 seed/bud).
Pollination in sweet orange crop, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck, var. Pera-Rio. The present experiment was performed to study the frequency and behaviour of insects on sweet orange flowers, Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck, the effect these insects on fruit production (quantity and quality) besides measurements of the collection type of more frequent bees. During three consecutive years the more frequent insect visiting the flower was Apis mellifera (africanized). The flowers visited by few or neither honey bees (until 9 visits) showed minor percentage of fruition. The fruit production was 35.30% greater in uncovered flowers. The mean weight of fruits was too greater in uncovered flowers (180.2g) than covered ones (168.5g). The fruits from the covered treatments were more acids (1.411g citric acid/100ml of juice) than uncovered ones (1.164g citric acid/100ml of juice). The number of seeds per bud was higher in uncovered treatment (1 seed/bud) than covered one (0.8 seed/bud).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Abelhas africanizadas, Laranja, Polinização, Bees, Sweet orange, Pollination
Como citar
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia / Universidade de São Paulo, v. 40, n. 4, p. 237-242, 2003.