Bário, cádmio, cromo e chumbo em plantas de milho e em latossolo após onze aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto
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Data
2010-12-01
Autores
Merlino, Luciana Cristina Souza [UNESP]
Melo, Wanderley José de [UNESP]
Macedo, Fernando Giovannetti de [UNESP]
Guedes, Ana Carolina Trisltz Perassolo [UNESP]
Ribeiro, Marina Hernandes [UNESP]
Melo, Valéria Peruca de [UNESP]
Melo, Gabriel Maurício Peruca de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A presença de metais pesados no lodo de esgoto é uma das restrições quanto ao seu uso em áreas agrícolas. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses de lodo de esgoto por 11 anos consecutivos em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico sobre as concentrações de Ba, Cd, Cr e Pb em três profundidades no solo (0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm), bem como quantificar os mesmos metais na folha diagnose e nos grãos de milho. O experimento foi conduzido em condições de campo, utilizando-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (0, 5, 10 e 20 t ha-1 de lodo de esgoto, base seca) e cinco repetições. As amostras de folha diagnose, solo, plantas inteiras e grãos foram obtidas, respectivamente, aos 60, 68, 80 e 123 dias após a emergência das plantas. A aplicação de doses de lodo de esgoto de 10 e 20 t ha-1 aumentou os teores de Ba, Cr e Pb na camada superficial do solo (0-10 cm), mas não alterou os de Cd. As doses do lodo de esgoto testadas não proporcionaram incrementos nas concentrações de Cd, Cr e Pb na folha diagnose e de Ba, Cd, Cr e Pb nas plantas de milho. A concentração de Ba na folha diagnose reduziu com a aplicação do resíduo. Os teores de Cd e Pb em grãos de milho permaneceram abaixo dos limites estabelecidos para o consumo humano, a concentração de Cr não pôde ser avaliada e nenhuma referência foi encontrada para comparar as concentrações de Ba.
The presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge is one of the greatest restrictions to its application in agricultural areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of application rates of sewage sludge of 11 consecutive years on the distribution of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb in three layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm) of a Typic Hapludox soil, as well as to quantify these metals in maize leaf and kernels. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, using a randomized block design with four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge, dry basis) with five replications. The samples of plant leaf and kernels and soil were collected 60, 68, 80, and 123 days after seedling emergence, respectively. Rates of 10 and 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge increased soil Ba, Cr and Pb concentrations in the topsoil (0-10 cm). Leaf Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations were not affected by the treatments as well as the concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb in whole maize plants. Barium concentration in the leaves decreased with waste application. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the maize kernels did not reach the limits for human consumption, the Cr concentration could not be evaluated and no reference value was found for Ba comparison.
The presence of heavy metals in sewage sludge is one of the greatest restrictions to its application in agricultural areas. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of application rates of sewage sludge of 11 consecutive years on the distribution of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb in three layers (0-10, 10-20 and 20-40 cm) of a Typic Hapludox soil, as well as to quantify these metals in maize leaf and kernels. The experiment was conducted under field conditions, using a randomized block design with four treatments (0, 5, 10 and 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge, dry basis) with five replications. The samples of plant leaf and kernels and soil were collected 60, 68, 80, and 123 days after seedling emergence, respectively. Rates of 10 and 20 t ha-1 sewage sludge increased soil Ba, Cr and Pb concentrations in the topsoil (0-10 cm). Leaf Cd, Cr and Pb concentrations were not affected by the treatments as well as the concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb in whole maize plants. Barium concentration in the leaves decreased with waste application. The concentrations of Cd and Pb in the maize kernels did not reach the limits for human consumption, the Cr concentration could not be evaluated and no reference value was found for Ba comparison.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Zea mays L., biosolids, Heavy metals, Waste, Soil pollution, Zea mays L., Biossólido, Metais pesados, Resíduo, poluição do solo
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 34, n. 6, p. 2031-2039, 2010.