Biossolubilização da calcopirita na presença dos íons cloreto e ácidos orgânicos
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Data
2010-02-01
Autores
Melo, Wanessa de Cássia Martins Antunes de [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de bactéria como agente catalítico para a lixiviação de sulfetos minerais é largamente reconhecido hoje como uma metodologia interessante, sob o ponto de vista econômico e ambiental, para a recuperação de metais de minérios de baixo teor e minérios de sulfetos secundários. A principal bactéria envolvida neste processo é a Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, um microrganismo quimiolitotrófico e acidofílico que obtem energia através da oxidação do íon Fe2+, além das formas reduzidas de enxofre e sulfetos metálicos. Dentre os principais sulfetos metálicos encontrados nas reservas minerais de cobre, a calcopirita (CuFeS2) é a que mais se destaca por ser o mineral mais abundante e ao mesmo tempo mais refratário ao ataque químico e bacteriano. Dentro desse contexto há um grande interesse no desenvolvimento de alternativas para otimizar a solubilização desse sulfeto. Neste trabalho, foram investigados o efeito dos ácidos orgânicos e dos íons cloreto e na biolixiviação da calcopirita visando aumentar a solubilização de cobre desse sulfeto. Com relação ao estudo com os ácidos orgânicos (cítrico e oxálico) foi observado que a linhagem bacteriana A. ferrooxidans-LR foi inibida na presença do ácido oxálico em concentrações acima de 0,10 % m/v. Na presença de ácido cítrico não foi observado nenhuma inibição nas diversas concentrações utilizadas. Em função desses resultados o ácido cítrico foi o único a ser utilizado nos ensaios posteriores. O teste de solubilização das jarositas demonstrou que uma vez formada, ela não pode ser dissolvida pela adição de ácido cítrico. No entanto, este ácido mostrou-se eficiente para conter a formação destes precipitados. Os ensaios de biolixiviação na presença de ácido cítrico foram acompanhados por 60 dias através de medidas de pH, Eh, [Fe2+], [Fe3+] e [Cu]...
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithoautotrophic and acidophilic bacterium which obtain their energy through oxidation of the iron Fe+2 or sulfur reduced compounds including metal sulfides. This is the main species involved in the metals bioleaching process, an useful methodology to recovery metals from low-grade ores and secondary mineral sulfides. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is one of the most abundant mineral of copper but at same time the most refractory, both to chemical and biological dissolution. So, it would be interesting to develop alternative technologies to improve copper solubilization from this sulfide. In the present study, it was investigated the effect of chlorine ions and organic acids in the chalcopyrite dissolution by bioleaching experiments in shake flask, following parameters such as pH, Eh, [Fe2+], [Fe3+] and [Cu]. Solid residues collected during and at end of assays were analyzed by X rays diffraction technique. The presence of Cl- ions (150 mmol L-1) and bacterium cells increased the degree of the chalcopyrite dissolution, comparing to abiotic controls and without Cl- ions. Two kinds of cell adaptation were also investigated regarding their capacity of copper extraction. Chlorine adapted cells showed better results than those adapted only to grow in chalcopyrite. Indeed, successive Cl- ions addition during experiment time course, at 10 e 20 mmol L-1, enhanced copper extraction in about 70% in comparison to that of 150 mmol L-1 in just one addition. The main new solid phase obtained during bioleaching experiments in inoculated flasks was covelllite, but jarosites were not produced in these conditions, which can be considered a promising result. The successive chlorine ion addition in bioleaching of chalcopyrite showed to be a potential procedure to improve copper extraction. Basically, the studies of organic acids (citric and oxalic)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans is a chemolithoautotrophic and acidophilic bacterium which obtain their energy through oxidation of the iron Fe+2 or sulfur reduced compounds including metal sulfides. This is the main species involved in the metals bioleaching process, an useful methodology to recovery metals from low-grade ores and secondary mineral sulfides. Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) is one of the most abundant mineral of copper but at same time the most refractory, both to chemical and biological dissolution. So, it would be interesting to develop alternative technologies to improve copper solubilization from this sulfide. In the present study, it was investigated the effect of chlorine ions and organic acids in the chalcopyrite dissolution by bioleaching experiments in shake flask, following parameters such as pH, Eh, [Fe2+], [Fe3+] and [Cu]. Solid residues collected during and at end of assays were analyzed by X rays diffraction technique. The presence of Cl- ions (150 mmol L-1) and bacterium cells increased the degree of the chalcopyrite dissolution, comparing to abiotic controls and without Cl- ions. Two kinds of cell adaptation were also investigated regarding their capacity of copper extraction. Chlorine adapted cells showed better results than those adapted only to grow in chalcopyrite. Indeed, successive Cl- ions addition during experiment time course, at 10 e 20 mmol L-1, enhanced copper extraction in about 70% in comparison to that of 150 mmol L-1 in just one addition. The main new solid phase obtained during bioleaching experiments in inoculated flasks was covelllite, but jarosites were not produced in these conditions, which can be considered a promising result. The successive chlorine ion addition in bioleaching of chalcopyrite showed to be a potential procedure to improve copper extraction. Basically, the studies of organic acids (citric and oxalic)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biotecnologia, Lixiviação bacteriana, Ácidos orgânicos, Biotechnology, Bioleaching, Organic acids
Como citar
MELO, Wanessa de Cássia Martins Antunes de. Biossolubilização da calcopirita na presença dos íons cloreto e ácidos orgânicos. 2010. 121 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Química, 2010.