Biolixiviação de minério de cobre da mina de Sossego, PA - Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
Data
2007-08-24
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Devido ao esgotamento progressivo das jazidas de minérios de cobre com teores elevados (>2%), a aplicação de processos convencionais para a extração de cobre desses minérios, como a pirometalurgia, torna-se inviável devido ao alto custo dos gastos de energia envolvidos. Em função desse esgotamento, bem como do acúmulo de rejeitos de baixos teores (< 0,5%), a busca de processos alternativos para atender a demanda crescente desse metal em todo mundo tornou-se uma necessidade. Uma das alternativas mais viáveis envolve o uso de microrganismos capazes de solubilizar sulfetos metálicos de cobre, em decorrência de seus processos metabólicos oxidativos. O processo que utiliza esses microrganismos na recuperação do cobre de minérios de baixo teor ou de rejeitos é conhecido como biolixiviação e tem sido aplicado em escala industrial em vários países, em especial EUA e Chile, onde estão as maiores reservas mundiais de minério de cobre. Biolixiviação ou lixiviação bacteriana é o processo pelo qual bactérias, sobretudo as do gênero Acidithiobacillus e, principalmente, a espécie Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, oxidam sulfetos metálicos (CuFeS2, CuS, CuS2, PbS, ZnS entre outros) como fonte de energia, levando à solubilização desses metais. O A. ferrooxidans é uma espécie mesofílica, quimiolitotrófica e acidofílica que, além de sulfetos metálicos, oxida também íons ferrosos e compostos reduzidos de enxofre. Esse processo é uma alternativa viável para a extração de cobre, pois requer poucos gastos com insumos (ácidos e agentes oxidantes), apresenta reduzido gasto energético, baixo investimento de capital, baixo custo operacional e reduzida mão de obra especializada na operação. Dentre os minerais de cobre, o mais abundante e também o mais refratário ao ataque químico ou bacteriano é a calcopirita. Assim, muitos estudos foram desenvolvidos...
High-grade copper ores deposits (>2%) have been depleted for centuries. So, conventional processes to recover copper from low-grade ores such as pirometallurgy have become prohibitive due the elevated costs, since large amount of energy is spent in this process. As a result of this depletion, a huge amount of low-grade ores (<0.5%) as well waste materials from conventional process have been accumulated for years, waiting for an economic alternative method. In order to match up a constant increase in the copper world demand, the search for new methodologies has become an obligation. Among these alternatives, the use of microorganisms capable to copper sulfides dissolution is the most feasible one. This process, known as bioleaching or bacterial leaching, has been applied in industrial scale in several countries, such as USA and Chile, where the highest copper deposits are located. Bacterial leaching is developed by certain bacteria belong to the Acidithiobacillus genus, among others, mainly by species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which oxidize metal sulfides (CuFeS2, CuS, CuS2, PbS, ZnS, etc) as its energy source, solubilizing the corresponding metal. It is a mesophilic, chemolithotrophic and acidophilic bacterium that besides metal sulfides oxidize also ferrous iron and other reduced sulphur compounds as energy source. The viability of the process is related with the low costs operation: low capital investments, reduced needs for specialized works, low reagents and materials consumption, etc. Chalcopyrite is most abundant copper mineral and, at same time, the most refractory to chemical or bacterial attack. In this way, several studies have been devoted to understand the mechanisms involved in the mineral dissolution, as well to developed new methodologies to improve chalcopyrite dissolution. It was investigated in this study the effect of some chemical agents...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
High-grade copper ores deposits (>2%) have been depleted for centuries. So, conventional processes to recover copper from low-grade ores such as pirometallurgy have become prohibitive due the elevated costs, since large amount of energy is spent in this process. As a result of this depletion, a huge amount of low-grade ores (<0.5%) as well waste materials from conventional process have been accumulated for years, waiting for an economic alternative method. In order to match up a constant increase in the copper world demand, the search for new methodologies has become an obligation. Among these alternatives, the use of microorganisms capable to copper sulfides dissolution is the most feasible one. This process, known as bioleaching or bacterial leaching, has been applied in industrial scale in several countries, such as USA and Chile, where the highest copper deposits are located. Bacterial leaching is developed by certain bacteria belong to the Acidithiobacillus genus, among others, mainly by species Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, which oxidize metal sulfides (CuFeS2, CuS, CuS2, PbS, ZnS, etc) as its energy source, solubilizing the corresponding metal. It is a mesophilic, chemolithotrophic and acidophilic bacterium that besides metal sulfides oxidize also ferrous iron and other reduced sulphur compounds as energy source. The viability of the process is related with the low costs operation: low capital investments, reduced needs for specialized works, low reagents and materials consumption, etc. Chalcopyrite is most abundant copper mineral and, at same time, the most refractory to chemical or bacterial attack. In this way, several studies have been devoted to understand the mechanisms involved in the mineral dissolution, as well to developed new methodologies to improve chalcopyrite dissolution. It was investigated in this study the effect of some chemical agents...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biotecnologia, Lixiviação bacteriana, Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Minério de cobre
Como citar
RIBEIRO NETO, Wilson Alves. Biolixiviação de minério de cobre da mina de Sossego, PA - Companhia Vale do Rio Doce. 2007. 54 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Intstituto de Química, 2007.