Variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo e da produtividade de milho
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Data
2010-01-22
Autores
Rodrigues, Marcos Sales [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Diversos fatores são responsáveis pela variabilidade espacial na produtividade das culturas e dentre estes estão os atributos do solo. Contudo, o que se tem observado, geralmente, é uma baixa correlação entre os mapas de produtividade e os mapas de atributos do solo. Uma hipótese para essa baixa correlação é a diferença na amostragem de cada uma dessas variáveis. O trabalho objetivou estudar o padrão de distribuição espacial dos atributos do solo e da produtividade do milho e as relações de causas e efeitos utilizando-se diferentes intensidades de amostragem. Os dados foram coletados seguindo uma grade amostral contendo 100 pontos georreferenciados. Os pontos foram dispostos em intervalos equidistantes, sendo de 10 m no sentido das linhas da cultura, ao longo de quatro transeções paralelas com 250 m de comprimento, distanciadas entre si 4,5 m, formando um retângulo com quatro colunas e 25 linhas, constituindo os 100 pontos de amostragem. Cada ponto amostral foi composto por cinco linhas de 10 m da cultura, constituindo uma célula amostral de 45 m2. Em cada ponto amostral retiraram-se amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-0,1 e 0,1-0,2 m. Foram avaliados os atributos do solo textura, pH, teores de matéria orgânica, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, H+Al, soma de bases, capacidade de troca de cátions, saturação por bases, densidade, porosidade total, macroporosidade e microporosidade. Foram estabelecidas intensidades de amostragens por meio de eliminação de pontos intermediários partindo da amostragem inicial, que continha 100 pontos, obtendo-se conjunto de dados com 100, 75, 50 e 25 pontos. Realizou-se a análise estatística descritiva dos dados e geoestatística. Baseado na análise de correlação simples, regressão múltipla ‘stepwise’ e semelhança dos mapas de isolinhas, os atributos que mais se correlacionaram...
Soil attributes play an important role in spatial variability of crop yield. However, what has been observed, generally, is a low correlation between the yield maps and maps of soil attributes. One hypothesis for this low correlation is the difference in the sampling of each of these variables. This research had as objective to study spatial distribution pattern of soil attributes affecting corn yield and their causeeffect relationship, for different sampling intensities. Spatial variability was determined for 100 georeferenced sample points from a sampling grid. Sample points were arranged in regular 10-m intervals along the rows and in four parallel 250-m long and 4.5-m spaced transects, resulting in a 4-column and 25-row rectangle (100 sample points). Each sample point consisted of five 10-m rows, totaling 45 m2. Samples were taken from the depths 0-0,1 and 0,1-0,2 m. Soil texture attributes, pH, organic matter content, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and H+Al levels, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity were evaluated. Sampling intensities were established by eliminating intermediary points from the initial 100-point sampling, resulting data sets of 100, 75, 50 and 25 points. Statistical analysis consisted of data description and geostatistics. Based on the simple correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression and similarity among isoline maps, the attributes that showed stronger spatial correlation to corn yield were base saturation and clay content. For these attributes, data sets of 75 and 100 points showed higher similarity in the spatial distribution pattern for corn yield. The analysis of cross-semivariograms showed that the best correlation between corn yield and soil attributes was obtained with a sampling intensity of 100 points. It was possible to confirm the hypothesis that, when performing the soil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Soil attributes play an important role in spatial variability of crop yield. However, what has been observed, generally, is a low correlation between the yield maps and maps of soil attributes. One hypothesis for this low correlation is the difference in the sampling of each of these variables. This research had as objective to study spatial distribution pattern of soil attributes affecting corn yield and their causeeffect relationship, for different sampling intensities. Spatial variability was determined for 100 georeferenced sample points from a sampling grid. Sample points were arranged in regular 10-m intervals along the rows and in four parallel 250-m long and 4.5-m spaced transects, resulting in a 4-column and 25-row rectangle (100 sample points). Each sample point consisted of five 10-m rows, totaling 45 m2. Samples were taken from the depths 0-0,1 and 0,1-0,2 m. Soil texture attributes, pH, organic matter content, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and H+Al levels, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, bulk density, total porosity, macroporosity and microporosity were evaluated. Sampling intensities were established by eliminating intermediary points from the initial 100-point sampling, resulting data sets of 100, 75, 50 and 25 points. Statistical analysis consisted of data description and geostatistics. Based on the simple correlation analysis, stepwise multiple regression and similarity among isoline maps, the attributes that showed stronger spatial correlation to corn yield were base saturation and clay content. For these attributes, data sets of 75 and 100 points showed higher similarity in the spatial distribution pattern for corn yield. The analysis of cross-semivariograms showed that the best correlation between corn yield and soil attributes was obtained with a sampling intensity of 100 points. It was possible to confirm the hypothesis that, when performing the soil... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura de precisão, Amostragem, Milho, Precision agriculture, Geostatistics, sampling, Base saturation, Clay content Zea mays
Como citar
RODRIGUES, Marcos Sales. Variabilidade espacial de atributos do solo e da produtividade de milho. 2010. x, 102 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2010.