Escória de siderurgia na cultura da cana-planta: efeitos no solo, na nutrição e na produtividade
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Data
2010-03-05
Autores
Avalhães, Cíntia Carla [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Pesquisas têm sido desenvolvidas com intuito de se constatar os benefícios da aplicação da escória de siderurgia em cana-de-açúcar. Em vista disso, com o presente trabalho, buscou-se avaliar o potencial agrícola da escória de siderurgia como corretivo da acidez do solo e fonte de silício, em sistema de colheita sem despalha a fogo, por meio de análises químicas do solo, das plantas e de variáveis biológicas de desenvolvimento, qualidade e produção da cana-de-açúcar, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. O trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental da FCAV/UNESP – Campus de Jaboticabal. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 2x4, sendo que os tratamentos foram constituídos por duas fontes de material corretivo (calcário e escória de siderurgia), quatro doses (zero; metade; uma vez; duas vezes a dose recomendada para elevar o V% a 60), totalizando 32 parcelas. O estado nutricional das plantas foi determinado por meio de amostragens das folhas +1 e +3 aos 4 e aos 9 meses. No solo, foram realizadas três amostragens (aos 99 dias após a incorporação do material corretivo, aos 6 meses e 15 meses após o plantio) para fins de fertilidade e determinação de silício “disponível”. A escória de siderurgia mostrase semelhante ao calcário na elevação do pH do solo, na neutralização da acidez potencial e na elevação da saturação por bases do Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. A aplicação do material corretivo não afeta o crescimento e a produção da canaplanta. Contudo, as fontes e doses dos materiais corretivos influenciam a nutrição da cultura, afetando os teores foliares, especialmente Ca, Mn e Zn, independente do tipo de folha coletada (+1 e/ou +3). A aplicação da escória de siderurgia não foi suficiente para provocar incrementos a níveis tóxicos nas concentrações de metais pesados no sistema solo-planta
Polls have been developed in order to see the benefits of silicate slag in sugar cane. Most of the results were favorable in both the production of stems and in the production of sugar, such as increased productivity and reduction of diseases and pest attack. Therefore, with this work, we attempt to assess the agricultural potential of the steel slag as corrective of soil acidity and a source of silicon in the system without despalha fire, from chemical analysis of soil, plants and biological variables of development, quality and production of sugar cane. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of FCAV / UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal, in an Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x4, and the treatments consisted of two sources of remedial material (limestone and silicate slag), four doses (zero, half, once, twice the recommended dose for raise the V% indicated as optimal for each crop of sugar cane), totaling 32 plots. The nutritional status of plants is determined by sampling of leaves. The technological analysis will be performed by the sucrose, fiber, purity and concentration of soluble solids. In soil, the sampling will be conducted every six months, determining the concentration of silicon available. The slag is shown similar to lime in raising soil pH to neutralize the acidity and the increase in saturation of the soil studied. The implementation of corrective material does not affect the growth and yield of sugarcane. However, the sources and levels of corrective agents influence the nutrition of the crop, affecting the leaf, especially Ca, Mn and Zn, regardless of leaf type collected (+1 and / or +3). The application of slag was not enough to cause increases to toxic levels in the concentrations of heavy metals in soil-plant system
Polls have been developed in order to see the benefits of silicate slag in sugar cane. Most of the results were favorable in both the production of stems and in the production of sugar, such as increased productivity and reduction of diseases and pest attack. Therefore, with this work, we attempt to assess the agricultural potential of the steel slag as corrective of soil acidity and a source of silicon in the system without despalha fire, from chemical analysis of soil, plants and biological variables of development, quality and production of sugar cane. The study was conducted at the Experimental Farm of FCAV / UNESP - Campus de Jaboticabal, in an Oxisol. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in factorial scheme 2x4, and the treatments consisted of two sources of remedial material (limestone and silicate slag), four doses (zero, half, once, twice the recommended dose for raise the V% indicated as optimal for each crop of sugar cane), totaling 32 plots. The nutritional status of plants is determined by sampling of leaves. The technological analysis will be performed by the sucrose, fiber, purity and concentration of soluble solids. In soil, the sampling will be conducted every six months, determining the concentration of silicon available. The slag is shown similar to lime in raising soil pH to neutralize the acidity and the increase in saturation of the soil studied. The implementation of corrective material does not affect the growth and yield of sugarcane. However, the sources and levels of corrective agents influence the nutrition of the crop, affecting the leaf, especially Ca, Mn and Zn, regardless of leaf type collected (+1 and / or +3). The application of slag was not enough to cause increases to toxic levels in the concentrations of heavy metals in soil-plant system
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Liming, Waste steel, Saccharum spp., Silicon, Calagem dos solos, Cana-de-açúcar, Silício, Resíduo siderúrgico
Como citar
AVALHÃES, Cíntia Carla. Escória de siderurgia na cultura da cana-planta: efeitos no solo, na nutrição e na produtividade. 2010. iii, 98 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2010.