Avaliação do perfil de produção de enzimas e potencial de degradação do herbicida diuron pelos fungos isolados de solo de plantação de cana-de-açúcar
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Data
2010-09-30
Autores
Egea, Tássia Chiachio [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Para o setor industrial, o isolamento e identificação de microrganismos com habilidade em produzir biocatalisadores é de grande importância para a apresentação de novas fontes de enzimas ao mercado. O isolamento é uma das ferramentas mais utilizadas na seleção de microrganismos, proporcionando o levantamento de espécies capazes de metabolizar compostos químicos potencialmente tóxicos, sendo essenciais na biorremediação, pois atuam como medida mitigadora para os problemas decorrentes do uso irracional de agrotóxicos. Neste trabalho, foram isoladas 75 linhagens fúngicas de solo de plantação de cana de açúcar, por diferentes fontes de carbono, em diferentes épocas do cultivo e em duas áreas de coleta – solo com e sem a queima da palha – para o estudo do potencial de produção enzimática e de degradação do herbicida diuron. Dentre os isolados, encontrou-se 10 gêneros diferentes, sendo a maioria referente ao gênero Trichoderma (40%), seguido de Fusarium (15%), Cunninghamella (13%) e Aspergillus (12%). Da quantidade total de fungos isolados, 56% foram oriundos do solo de queimada e 44% do solo sem queima. Os gêneros Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Fusarium e Trichoderma foram os gêneros encontrados em todos os meios de isolamento, como também os mais constantes, sendo os dois últimos, os únicos a serem encontrados em todas as coletas. Os isolados foram submetidos à fermentação do estado sólido, contendo bagaço de cana e farelo de trigo como substratos, para estudo da produção de xilanase, CMCase e lacase. A atividade das enzimas pelos isolados fermentados foi bastante variada, com produção de xilanase atingindo valores máximos de 64,0 U/mL (Aspergillus) e 63,7 U/mL (Aspergillus), a produção de CMCase foi de 5,5 U/mL (Fusarium) e 4,2 U/mL (Aspergillus) e lacase de 0,50 U/mL (Verticillium) e 0,27 U/mL (Fusarium). Dos 74 isolados, 23 foram...
The isolation and identification of microorganisms with ability to produce biocatalysts is a great method for the presentation of new sources of enzymes to the industry. Isolation is one of the most used tools in the selection of microorganisms, providing a survey of species able to metabolize potentially toxic chemical compounds In this study, 75 fungal strains were isolated from soil of plant sugar cane from different carbon sources, at different times of cultivation and collecting in two areas - soil with and without straw burning - to study the enzyme activity and degradation of the herbicide diuron. Among the isolates, were found 10 different genres, mostly related to the genus Trichoderma (40%), followed by Fusarium (15%), Cunninghamella (13%) and Aspergillus (12%). Of the total isolates, 56% came from the soil of burned and 44% of the ground without burning. The genera Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Fusarium and Trichoderma were the genera found in all media of isolation, and the last two were the only ones to be found in all samples. The isolates were subjected to solid-state fermentation, containing sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran as substrates to study the production of xylanase, CMCase and laccase. The activity of enzymes by the fungus fermentation was quite varied, with xylanase production reached maximum values of 64.0 U/mL (Aspergillus) and 63.7 U/mL (Aspergillus), the production of CMCase was 5.5 U/mL (Fusarium) and 4.2 U/mL (Aspergillus) and laccase from 0.50 U/mL (Verticillium) and 0.27 U/mL (Fusarium). Of the 74 isolates, 23 were selected for verification of the potential degradation of the herbicide diuron. All selected microorganisms showed higher degradation of the herbicide in question, and the genus Aspergillus had the most promising degradation (47.7% for peak product and 67.1 per concentration) in the period studied
The isolation and identification of microorganisms with ability to produce biocatalysts is a great method for the presentation of new sources of enzymes to the industry. Isolation is one of the most used tools in the selection of microorganisms, providing a survey of species able to metabolize potentially toxic chemical compounds In this study, 75 fungal strains were isolated from soil of plant sugar cane from different carbon sources, at different times of cultivation and collecting in two areas - soil with and without straw burning - to study the enzyme activity and degradation of the herbicide diuron. Among the isolates, were found 10 different genres, mostly related to the genus Trichoderma (40%), followed by Fusarium (15%), Cunninghamella (13%) and Aspergillus (12%). Of the total isolates, 56% came from the soil of burned and 44% of the ground without burning. The genera Aspergillus, Cunninghamella, Fusarium and Trichoderma were the genera found in all media of isolation, and the last two were the only ones to be found in all samples. The isolates were subjected to solid-state fermentation, containing sugar cane bagasse and wheat bran as substrates to study the production of xylanase, CMCase and laccase. The activity of enzymes by the fungus fermentation was quite varied, with xylanase production reached maximum values of 64.0 U/mL (Aspergillus) and 63.7 U/mL (Aspergillus), the production of CMCase was 5.5 U/mL (Fusarium) and 4.2 U/mL (Aspergillus) and laccase from 0.50 U/mL (Verticillium) and 0.27 U/mL (Fusarium). Of the 74 isolates, 23 were selected for verification of the potential degradation of the herbicide diuron. All selected microorganisms showed higher degradation of the herbicide in question, and the genus Aspergillus had the most promising degradation (47.7% for peak product and 67.1 per concentration) in the period studied
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Biotecnologia, Enzimas, Fungos - Biotecnologia, Fungos do solo, Cana-de-açúcar, Diuron
Como citar
EGEA, Tássia Chiachio. Avaliação do perfil de produção de enzimas e potencial de degradação do herbicida diuron pelos fungos isolados de solo de plantação de cana-de-açúcar. 2010. 102 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2010.