Comportamento de clones de seringueira quanto ao ataque de Tenuipalpus heveae Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) e potencial de Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) como seu predador
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Data
2006-08-15
Autores
Monteverde, Maria de Souza [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O cultivo da seringueira [Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex Adr. de Juss.) Müell. Arg.] em sistema de monocultura tem favorecido o desenvolvimento de várias espécies de insetos e ácaros, entre eles, o ácaro-vermelho, Tenuipalpus heveae Baker que pode provocar intenso desfolhamento. Entre os ácaros predadores que têm sido coletados nos seringais paulistas, Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma tem sido registrado com freqüência e abundância. Para os produtores, o conhecimento sobre a resistência dos clones ao ataque de insetos e ácaros pode ser muito importante para o estabelecimento de estratégias de controle. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos: 1 - comparar o comportamento de clones de interesse econômico para o Estado de São Paulo, quanto ao desenvolvimento populacional de T. heveae e à reação ao seu ataque; 2 - avaliar a atividade predatória de E. citrifolius sobre as fases de desenvolvimento do ácaro-vermelho. Para o experimento de clones foram utilizadas mudas ensacadas, de RRIM 600, PB 235, PR 255, RRIM 937, RRIM 938 e PB 350, infestadas artificialmente com fêmeas de T. heveae. As avaliações foram feitas no período de dez a sessenta dias após a infestação, a cada dez dias, para contagem do número de ovos, larvas, ninfas e adultos. A intensidade dos sintomas observados nos folíolos e nas mudas foi avaliada através de uma escala de notas. Para a atividade predatória os testes foram realizados em placas de Petri contendo uma camada de algodão umedecido e sobre ela um disco de folha de seringueira de 2,5 cm de diâmetro. Três testes foram conduzidos, um para cada fase de desenvolvimento biológico de E. citrifolius a saber: larvas, ninfas e fêmeas adultas, alimentando-se de cada fase do ciclo biológico de T. heveae. As avaliações foram realizadas após 24 horas da exposição do predador com a presa, para larvas e ninfas e após 24, 48 e 72...
Rubber tree crops [Heveae brasiliensis (Willd. Ex Adr. de Juss.) Müell. Arg.] under monoculture practice has contributed to the development of many insect and mite species, amongst which, the red mite, Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, which can cause intense defoliation. Concerning the predator mites which have been collected in the rubber tree crops in São Paulo state, Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma has often been recorded in great numbers. The knowledge of the clones' resistance to the insects and mites attacks can be of great importance to the use of control strategies. This study has the following objectives: 1 - to compare the development of T. heveae on the likely clones for São Paulo state and their response to this mite attack; 2 - to evaluate the predatory activity of E. citrifolius concerning the red mite life stages. For the clones experiment, seedlings of RRIM 600, PB 235, PR 255, RRIM 937, RRIM 938 and PB 350, artificially infested with T. heveae females have been used. The evaluations were done within the period of ten to sixty days after infestation, every ten days, for eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults count. The severity of the observed symptoms on leaflets and seedlings was evaluated according to a rating scale. The predatory activity tests were conducted in Petri dishes with a piece of wet cotton inside on which laid a circular piece of rubber tree leaf with a 2.5-cm diameter. Three tests were carried out, one for each of the E. citrifolius life stages to be studied: larvae, nymphs and adult females, feeding on the different life stages of T. heveae. The evaluations were performed after 24 hours of prey exposure to the predator larvae and nymphs, and after 24, 48 and 72 hours when observing the predator adult females. The PB 235 clone has been proved to be the most susceptible to T. heveae and the PR 255, RRIM...(Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
Rubber tree crops [Heveae brasiliensis (Willd. Ex Adr. de Juss.) Müell. Arg.] under monoculture practice has contributed to the development of many insect and mite species, amongst which, the red mite, Tenuipalpus heveae Baker, which can cause intense defoliation. Concerning the predator mites which have been collected in the rubber tree crops in São Paulo state, Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma has often been recorded in great numbers. The knowledge of the clones' resistance to the insects and mites attacks can be of great importance to the use of control strategies. This study has the following objectives: 1 - to compare the development of T. heveae on the likely clones for São Paulo state and their response to this mite attack; 2 - to evaluate the predatory activity of E. citrifolius concerning the red mite life stages. For the clones experiment, seedlings of RRIM 600, PB 235, PR 255, RRIM 937, RRIM 938 and PB 350, artificially infested with T. heveae females have been used. The evaluations were done within the period of ten to sixty days after infestation, every ten days, for eggs, larvae, nymphs and adults count. The severity of the observed symptoms on leaflets and seedlings was evaluated according to a rating scale. The predatory activity tests were conducted in Petri dishes with a piece of wet cotton inside on which laid a circular piece of rubber tree leaf with a 2.5-cm diameter. Three tests were carried out, one for each of the E. citrifolius life stages to be studied: larvae, nymphs and adult females, feeding on the different life stages of T. heveae. The evaluations were performed after 24 hours of prey exposure to the predator larvae and nymphs, and after 24, 48 and 72 hours when observing the predator adult females. The PB 235 clone has been proved to be the most susceptible to T. heveae and the PR 255, RRIM...(Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Seringueira - Resistência, Ácaro - Controle biológico, Acaro no controle biologico de pragas, Plantas - Resistencia, Predação (Biologia), Mudas, Clones, Biological control, Hevea brasiliensis, Predator, Resistance, Susceptibility
Como citar
MONTEVERDE, Maria de Souza. Comportamento de clones de seringueira quanto ao ataque de Tenuipalpus heveae Baker (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) e potencial de Euseius citrifolius Denmark & Muma (Acari: Phytoseiidae) como seu predador. 2006. 87 f. Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira, 2006.