Photodegradation of sulfamethoxazole in various aqueous media: Persistence, toxicity and photoproducts assessment

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dc.contributor.authorTrovo, Alam G. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorNogueira, Raquel Fernandes Pupo [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorAgueera, Ana
dc.contributor.authorSirtori, Carla
dc.contributor.authorFernandez-Alba, Amadeo R.
dc.contributor.institutionUniv Almeria
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.contributor.institutionMinist Educ Brazil
dc.date.accessioned2014-05-20T14:19:12Z
dc.date.available2014-05-20T14:19:12Z
dc.date.issued2009-11-01
dc.description.abstractThe photochemical transformation of sulfa methoxazole (SMX) was investigated in different water matrices: distilled water (DW), distilled water + nitrate (10 and 20 mg L(-1)) and seawater (SW) to evaluate its persistence, toxicity and degradation pathway. A solar simulator Suntest CPS+ was used for the irradiation experiments. Identification of transformation products was performed in DW by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS). Acute toxicity of irradiated solutions was monitored by Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna bioassays in DW. Differences in the degradation rates were observed between DW and SW, being slower in SW. Presence of nitrate (indirect photolysis) in distilled water did not affect SMX degradation rate. No dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal was observed in any case, thus indicating the formation of abundant transformation products (TPs). Analysis by LC-TOF-MS allowed the identification of up to nine transformation products during photolysis in DW. Only three of them had been previously reported in the literature, detected with other techniques. The cleavage of the sulfonamide bond and the photoisomerization by rearrangement of the isoxazole ring represent the main pathways, at the time that generate the most abundant and persistent intermediates. The acute toxicity of SMX solution varied according to test organisms. Daphnia magna was the most sensitive showing an increase from 60% to 100% immobilization after 30 h of irradiation when depletion of SMX was achieved, thus indicating the higher toxicity of the phototransformation products generated. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.en
dc.description.affiliationUniv Almeria, Pesticide Residues Grp, Almeria 04120, Spain
dc.description.affiliationSão Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Inst Chem Araraquara, Dept Analyt Chem, BR-14801970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationMinist Educ Brazil, Capes Fdn, BR-70359970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnespSão Paulo State Univ, UNESP, Inst Chem Araraquara, Dept Analyt Chem, BR-14801970 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipSpanish Ministry of Education and Science
dc.description.sponsorshipIdCAPES: 1054-07/4
dc.description.sponsorshipIdFAPESP: 05/00172-0
dc.description.sponsorshipIdSpanish Ministry of Education and Science: CTQ2005-09269-C02-01
dc.format.extent1292-1298
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.065
dc.identifier.citationChemosphere. Oxford: Pergamon-Elsevier B.V. Ltd, v. 77, n. 10, p. 1292-1298, 2009.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.09.065
dc.identifier.issn0045-6535
dc.identifier.lattes6887310539435086
dc.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1237-4571
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/25788
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000272519900004
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherPergamon-Elsevier B.V. Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofChemosphere
dc.relation.ispartofjcr4.427
dc.relation.ispartofsjr1,435
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso restrito
dc.sourceWeb of Science
dc.subjectPharmaceuticalsen
dc.subjectLiquid chromatographyen
dc.subjectMass spectrometryen
dc.subjectTransformation producten
dc.titlePhotodegradation of sulfamethoxazole in various aqueous media: Persistence, toxicity and photoproducts assessmenten
dc.typeArtigo
dcterms.licensehttp://www.elsevier.com/about/open-access/open-access-policies/article-posting-policy
dcterms.rightsHolderPergamon-Elsevier B.V. Ltd
unesp.author.lattes6887310539435086[2]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-1237-4571[2]
unesp.campusUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Instituto de Química, Araraquarapt

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