Comunicação e política na Amazônia: o papel da mídia no cenário eleitoral do Amapá
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Data
2022-08-17
Autores
Barbosa, Luana Darby Nayrra da Silva
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O uso de mídias digitais nas últimas eleições brasileiras tem se apresentado como um desafio analítico para especialistas, por conta da sua complexidade de informações e pelas diferenças no processo comunicacional, territorial e cultural nas regiões, com destaque especial para a dificuldade na penetração do acesso à internet, principalmente na Região Norte, o que dificulta o acesso à informação com qualidade e transparência, o que favorece a ação da classe política de estados da região, como o Amapá – área de concentração do estudo –, controlada por ciclos elitistas, oligárquicos e personalistas que mantém o controle do poder através dos usos dos recursos midiáticos, econômicos e sociais como uma forma de sua perpetuação, fazendo a participação popular efetiva estar sempre à sombra das decisões públicas. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar de que maneira a classe política do Estado do Amapá se adaptou ao uso de novas tecnologias da informação com elites antagônicas disputando os espaços de poder, com especial destaque para o uso da rede social Facebook nas eleições de 2018, situando o olhar para os candidatos à eleição para o governo do Estado do Amapá, que apresenta como principais atores deste cenário representantes de duas elites tradicionais, que estão se alternando no poder há 28 anos, neste caso as elites representadas por Waldez Góes e João Alberto Capiberibe e a nova geração das elites amapaenses, cristalizada na figura do atual Senador da República Davi Alcolumbre. O reconhecimento dessas elites se baseia na teoria das elites, discutida amplamente por Gaetano Mosca, Wilfredo Pareto e Robert Michels. Os dados foram constituídos a partir das seguintes etapas de análise: 1) base na revisão bibliográfica, 2) acesso a bases de dados para consulta de fontes primárias, 3) coletados dados do Facebook e, 4) análise qualitativa e comparativa, feita com base da análise de conteúdo (AC). Os resultados mostram que as mídias sociais serviram de elemento potencializador das imagens de figuras políticas tradicionais e de “novas”, com o uso sistemático de instrumentos típicos do populismo, como conceituado por Francisco Weffort – a presença de um líder carismático, a disseminação ideológica nas massas urbanas e o vínculo emocional com a população – que introduziram uma nova forma de controle da massa, por meio do coronelismo eletrônico e do populismo digital. Os conceitos das teorias das elites, do populismo digital e coronelismo eletrônico propiciam um entendimento sobre o processo social, comunicacional e seu alinhamento com a política amapaense do processo de modernização das intuições sociais até a atualidade. Constatou-se que, ainda assim, o poder tradicional prevalece sobre as novas práticas políticas no Amapá.
The use of digital media in the last Brazilian elections has presented itself as an analytical challenge for specialists, due to its complexity of information and the differences in the communicational, territorial and cultural process in the regions, with special emphasis on the difficulty in penetrating access to internet, mainly in the North Region, which makes it difficult to access information with quality and transparency, which favors the action of the political class of states in the region, such as Amapá – the study’s concentration area –, controlled by elitist, oligarchic and personalist cycles that maintains control of power through the use of media, economic and social resources as a way of perpetuating it, making effective popular participation always in the shadow of public decisions. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze how the political class of the State of Amapá adapted to the use of new information technologies with antagonistic oligarchies disputing spaces of power, with special emphasis on the use of the social network Facebook in the elections of 2018, placing the look at the candidates for election to the government of the State of Amapá, which presents as the main actors in this scenario representatives of two traditional elites that have been alternating in power for 28 years, in this case the elites represented by Waldez Góes and João Alberto Capiberibe and the new generation of Amapá elites, crystallized in the figure of the current Senator of the Republic Davi Alcolumbre. The recognition of these elites is based on theory of elites, widely discussed by Gaetano Mosca, Wilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels. The data were constituted from the following stages of analysis: 1) based on the bibliographic review, 2) access to databases to consult primary sources, 3) collected data from Facebook and, 4) qualitative and comparative analysis, based on of content analysis (CA). The results show that social media served as a potentiating element for the images of traditional and “new” political figures, with the systematic use of instruments typical of populism, as conceptualized by Francisco Weffort – the presence of a charismatic leader, the ideological dissemination in urban masses and the emotional bond with the population – which introduced a new form of mass control, through electronic coronelismo and digital populism. The concepts of theory of elites, digital populism and electronic coronelismo provide an understanding of the social and communicational process and its alignment with the Amapá policy of the process of modernization of social intuitions until today. It was found that, even so, traditional power prevails over new political practices in Amapá.
The use of digital media in the last Brazilian elections has presented itself as an analytical challenge for specialists, due to its complexity of information and the differences in the communicational, territorial and cultural process in the regions, with special emphasis on the difficulty in penetrating access to internet, mainly in the North Region, which makes it difficult to access information with quality and transparency, which favors the action of the political class of states in the region, such as Amapá – the study’s concentration area –, controlled by elitist, oligarchic and personalist cycles that maintains control of power through the use of media, economic and social resources as a way of perpetuating it, making effective popular participation always in the shadow of public decisions. In this sense, the objective of this research was to analyze how the political class of the State of Amapá adapted to the use of new information technologies with antagonistic oligarchies disputing spaces of power, with special emphasis on the use of the social network Facebook in the elections of 2018, placing the look at the candidates for election to the government of the State of Amapá, which presents as the main actors in this scenario representatives of two traditional elites that have been alternating in power for 28 years, in this case the elites represented by Waldez Góes and João Alberto Capiberibe and the new generation of Amapá elites, crystallized in the figure of the current Senator of the Republic Davi Alcolumbre. The recognition of these elites is based on theory of elites, widely discussed by Gaetano Mosca, Wilfredo Pareto and Robert Michels. The data were constituted from the following stages of analysis: 1) based on the bibliographic review, 2) access to databases to consult primary sources, 3) collected data from Facebook and, 4) qualitative and comparative analysis, based on of content analysis (CA). The results show that social media served as a potentiating element for the images of traditional and “new” political figures, with the systematic use of instruments typical of populism, as conceptualized by Francisco Weffort – the presence of a charismatic leader, the ideological dissemination in urban masses and the emotional bond with the population – which introduced a new form of mass control, through electronic coronelismo and digital populism. The concepts of theory of elites, digital populism and electronic coronelismo provide an understanding of the social and communicational process and its alignment with the Amapá policy of the process of modernization of social intuitions until today. It was found that, even so, traditional power prevails over new political practices in Amapá.
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Eleições 2018, Mídias Digitais, Governo do Amapá, Facebook, Política, Elections 2018, Digital Media, Amapá's Government, Politics