Deadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro

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dc.contributor.authorAlcantara, Enner [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorMarengo, José A. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorMantovani, José [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorLonde, Luciana R. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorSan, Rachel Lau Yu
dc.contributor.authorPark, Edward
dc.contributor.authorLin, Yunung Nina
dc.contributor.authorWang, Jingyu
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Tatiana [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorCunha, Ana Paula [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorPampuch, Luana
dc.contributor.authorSeluchi, Marcelo [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorSimões, Silvio [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorCuartas, Luz Adriana [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorGoncalves, Demerval
dc.contributor.authorMassi, Klécia [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorAlvalá, Regina [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorMoraes, Osvaldo [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorFilho, Carlos Souza
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Rodolfo [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorNobre, Carlos [UNESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
dc.contributor.institutionNational Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN)
dc.contributor.institutionNanyang Technological University (NTU)
dc.contributor.institutionAcademia Sinica
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)
dc.date.accessioned2023-07-29T16:09:58Z
dc.date.available2023-07-29T16:09:58Z
dc.date.issued2023-03-21
dc.description.abstractOn 15 February 2022, the city of Petrópolis in the highlands of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, received an unusually high volume of rain within 3 h (258 mm), generated by a strongly invigorated mesoscale convective system. It resulted in flash floods and subsequent landslides that caused the deadliest landslide disaster recorded in Petrópolis, with 231 fatalities. In this paper, we analyzed the root causes and the key triggering factors of this landslide disaster by assessing the spatial relationship of landslide occurrence with various environmental factors. Rainfall data were retrieved from 1977 to 2022 (a combination of ground weather stations and the Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation - CHIRPS). Remotely sensed data were used to map the landslide scars, soil moisture, terrain attributes, line-of-sight displacement (land surface deformation), and urban sprawling (1985-2020). The results showed that the average monthly rainfall for February 2022 was 200 mm, the heaviest recorded in Petrópolis since 1932. Heavy rainfall was also recorded mostly in regions where the landslide occurred, according to analyses of the rainfall spatial distribution. As for terrain, 23 % of slopes between 45-60 had landslide occurrences and east-facing slopes appeared to be the most conducive for landslides as they recorded landslide occurrences of about 9 % to 11 %. Regarding the soil moisture, higher variability was found in the lower altitude (842 m) where the residential area is concentrated. Based on our land deformation assessment, the area is geologically stable, and the landslide occurred only in the thin layer at the surface. Out of the 1700 buildings found in the region of interest, 1021 are on the slope between 20 to 45 and about 60 houses were directly affected by the landslides. As such, we conclude that the heavy rainfall was not the only cause responsible for the catastrophic event of 15 February 2022; a combination of unplanned urban growth on slopes between 45-60 , removal of vegetation, and the absence of inspection were also expressive driving forces of this disaster.en
dc.description.affiliationGraduate Program in Natural Disasters Unesp/CEMADEN
dc.description.affiliationNational Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN)
dc.description.affiliationNational Institute of Education Earth Observatory of Singapore and Asian School of the Environment Nanyang Technological University (NTU)
dc.description.affiliationInstitute of Earth Sciences Academia Sinica
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University (Unesp)
dc.description.affiliationInstitute of Geosciences (IG/Unicamp) University of Campinas
dc.description.affiliationInstitute of Advanced Studies University of São Paulo (IEA/USP)
dc.description.affiliationUnespGraduate Program in Natural Disasters Unesp/CEMADEN
dc.description.affiliationUnespDepartment of Environmental Engineering Institute of Science and Technology São Paulo State University (Unesp)
dc.format.extent1157-1175
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023
dc.identifier.citationNatural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, v. 23, n. 3, p. 1157-1175, 2023.
dc.identifier.doi10.5194/nhess-23-1157-2023
dc.identifier.issn1684-9981
dc.identifier.issn1561-8633
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85151442372
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/249814
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofNatural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
dc.sourceScopus
dc.titleDeadly disasters in southeastern South America: flash floods and landslides of February 2022 in Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiroen
dc.typeArtigo
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-7777-2119[1]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-1299-1724[6]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-4841-0872[8]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-8993-5985 0000-0001-8993-5985[14]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0001-5366-3439[19]
unesp.departmentEngenharia Elétrica - FEISpt

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Ilha Solteira - FEIS - Faculdade de Engenharia