Adubação fosfatada e bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfato: estratégias para a produção do feijoeiro comum
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Data
2023-03-01
Autores
Souza, Antonia Erica Santos de
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O fósforo (P) é um nutriente que atua no crescimento, fisiologia, nutrição, produtividade e qualidade de grãos do feijoeiro comum. Em regiões tropicais, a interação deste nutriente com a fração argila do solo torna grande parte do P indisponível. Dessa maneira, a fração disponível pode não atender a demanda das plantas. Nesse contexto, a utilização de bactérias solubilizadoras de fosfato (BSF) pode ser uma estratégia sustentável para tornar o nutriente disponível às plantas e promover produtividades satisfatórias. Neste estudo, o objetivo foi avaliar se a inoculação com BSF no feijoeiro comum aumenta o crescimento, fisiologia, nutrição, produtividade, qualidade de grãos e reduz a dose de aplicação química de fósforo para obtenção de máximas produtividades. O experimento foi conduzido com o feijoeiro comum ‘IAC 2051’ em delineamento de blocos casualizados (DBC) em esquema fatorial 4x4, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator foram quatro doses de P2O5 (0, 20, 40 e 60 kg ha-1), aplicadas no sulco de semeadura, e o segundo fator foram quatro doses de BSF (0, 100, 200 e 300 mL ha-1), através da inoculação das sementes. Ao longo do estudo foram analisadas variáveis relacionadas ao crescimento, fisiologia, nutrição, componentes de produção, produtividade e qualidade dos grãos do feijoeiro comum. Ocorreu interação positiva entre BSF e P2O5 apenas para a área foliar e teor de clorofila do feijoeiro comum. Para essas variáveis, a associação da inoculação com BSF com a dose de 40 kg ha-1 de P2O5 promoveram as melhores condições para o feijoeiro comum. No entanto, não ocorreu interação entre a inoculação com BSF e doses de P2O5 para nutrição, componentes de produção e produtividade da cultura. A aplicação de P2O5 aumentou a produtividade do feijoeiro comum em 79 kg ha-1 para cada 10 kg ha-1 adicionado, enquanto a inoculação com BSF na dose de 192 ml ha-1 promoveu a exportação de 15,28 kg ha-1 de P e 159 mL ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 389 kg ha-1 (12%) comparado ao manejo sem inoculação. Embora a qualidade dos grãos tenha sido pouco afetada pelos manejos, ela se manteve dentro dos padrões exigidos pelo mercado consumidor. As melhorias do crescimento e estado nutricional e fisiológico do feijoeiro comum promovidas pela aplicação de P2O5 e BSF foram essenciais para o aumento de produtividade. Assim, este estudo apresenta avanços para a adoção de estratégias de produção sustentável no feijoeiro comum, oferecendo alternativas para o aumento de produtividade.
Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient for common bean growth, physiology, nutrition, yield and grain quality. In tropical regions, this nutrient interacts with soil clay fraction and a part becomes unavailable. Thus, soil P available may not meet plant demand. In this context, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) may be a sustainable strategy to make the nutrient available to plants and promote satisfactory yields. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether PSB inoculation in common bean increases growth, physiological state, nutrition, yield, grain quality and if reduces P chemical application rate to optimal grain yield. The experiment was carried out using common bean 'IAC 2051' in a randomized block design (RBD) in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The first factor was four P2O5 rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) applied in the sowing furrow, and the second factor was four PSB rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 mL ha-1), through seed inoculation. Throughout the study, variables related to growth, physiology, nutrition, yield components, grain yield and grain quality of common bean were analyzed. There was a positive interaction between PSB and P2O5 only for leaf area and chlorophyll content. For these variables, the association of PSB inoculation with a rate of 40 kg ha-1 of P2O5 promoted the best conditions for common bean. However, there was no interaction between PSB inoculation and P2O5 rates for crop yield components and grain yield. The application of P2O5 linearly increased common bean grain yield by 79 kg ha-1 for each 10 kg ha-1 added, while PSB inoculation of 192 ml ha-1 promoted P export of 15.28 kg ha-1 and 159 mL ha-1 increased grain yield by 389 kg ha-1 (12%) compared to management without inoculation. Although grain quality was little affected by management, it remained within the standards required by the consumer market. Improvements in the growth and nutritional and physiological status of common bean promoted by P2O5 and PSB were essential for increasing grain yield. Thus, this study presents advances towards the adoption of sustainable production strategies in common bean, offering alternatives to increase yield.
Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient for common bean growth, physiology, nutrition, yield and grain quality. In tropical regions, this nutrient interacts with soil clay fraction and a part becomes unavailable. Thus, soil P available may not meet plant demand. In this context, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) may be a sustainable strategy to make the nutrient available to plants and promote satisfactory yields. In this study, the aim was to evaluate whether PSB inoculation in common bean increases growth, physiological state, nutrition, yield, grain quality and if reduces P chemical application rate to optimal grain yield. The experiment was carried out using common bean 'IAC 2051' in a randomized block design (RBD) in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with four repetitions. The first factor was four P2O5 rates (0, 20, 40 and 60 kg ha-1) applied in the sowing furrow, and the second factor was four PSB rates (0, 100, 200 and 300 mL ha-1), through seed inoculation. Throughout the study, variables related to growth, physiology, nutrition, yield components, grain yield and grain quality of common bean were analyzed. There was a positive interaction between PSB and P2O5 only for leaf area and chlorophyll content. For these variables, the association of PSB inoculation with a rate of 40 kg ha-1 of P2O5 promoted the best conditions for common bean. However, there was no interaction between PSB inoculation and P2O5 rates for crop yield components and grain yield. The application of P2O5 linearly increased common bean grain yield by 79 kg ha-1 for each 10 kg ha-1 added, while PSB inoculation of 192 ml ha-1 promoted P export of 15.28 kg ha-1 and 159 mL ha-1 increased grain yield by 389 kg ha-1 (12%) compared to management without inoculation. Although grain quality was little affected by management, it remained within the standards required by the consumer market. Improvements in the growth and nutritional and physiological status of common bean promoted by P2O5 and PSB were essential for increasing grain yield. Thus, this study presents advances towards the adoption of sustainable production strategies in common bean, offering alternatives to increase yield.
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Palavras-chave
Phaseolus vulgaris L., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Sustentabilidade, Fósforo