Produção de Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em hospedeiros alternativos e interação com Telenomus remus (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) no parasitismo dos ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
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Data
2023-02-28
Autores
Silva, Carolane Benjamin da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) e Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) são parasitoides de ovos promissores para o manejo de Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Nessa tese objetivamos avaliar a interação simultânea e sequencial de T. remus em liberações combinadas com T. pretiosum visando entender essa relação de coexistência e aplicar ao controle de S. frugiperda na cultura do milho. Para isso, esse estudo foi dividido em quatro objetivos específicos: 1) selecionar e caracterizar espécies/linhagens de parasitoides de ovos associados a S. frugiperda; 2) testar o efeito de diferentes dietas na biologia do hospedeiro alternativo Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) e no parasitismo de parasitoides de ovos de S. frugiperda; 3) estudar o efeito da interação interespecífica de T. pretiosum com diferentes linhagens de T. remus em parasitismo simultâneo e parasitismo sequencial; 4) determinar a dose de liberação combinada de T. pretiosum e T. remus em milho, em condições de laboratório e semi-campo. Uma linhagem de T. pretiosum coletada a campo foi multiplicada e utilizada em experimentos para testar a capacidade de parasitismo em ovos de hospedeiros alternativos (Corcyra cephalonica e Anagasta kuehniella) e hospedeiro natural (S. frugiperda) em temperaturas de 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 e 33ºC, cada tratamento com 20 repetições. Posteriormente, para otimizar a criação no hospedeiro C. cephalonica foram desenvolvidas sete dietas e testadas quanto a alteração dos parâmetros biológicos neste hospedeiro e no parasitismo e razão sexual de T. pretiosum. Para avaliar a interação entre T. remus e T. pretiosum foram realizados experimentos de liberação simultânea e sequencial das duas espécies em laboratório e liberações conjuntas em condições de semi-campo. O parasitismo e emergência de T. pretiosum é influenciado pela temperatura. Dietas contendo germe de trigo torrado, levedo de cerveja e/ou amendoim triturado tiveram maior quantidade de fêmeas emergidas. Quanto à interação de T. pretiosum e T. remus os parasitoides liberados simultaneamente tiveram maior taxa de parasitismo e emergência.
Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are promising egg parasitoids for the management of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In this thesis, we aimed to evaluate the simultaneous and sequential interaction of T. remus in combined releases with T. pretiosum in order to understand this coexistence relationship and apply it to the control of S. frugiperda in corn. For this, this study was divided into four specific objectives: 1) to select and characterize species/strains of egg parasitoids associated with S. frugiperda; 2) test the effect of different diets on the biology of the alternative host Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and on the parasitism of S. frugiperda egg parasitoids; 3) to study the effect of the interspecific interaction of T. pretiosum with different T. remus strains in simultaneous and sequential parasitism; 4) determine the combined release dose of T. pretiosum and T. remus in maize, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. A strain of T. pretiosum collected in the field was multiplied and used in experiments to test the ability of parasitism in eggs of alternative hosts (Corcyra cephalonica and Anagasta kuehniella) and natural host (S. frugiperda) at temperatures of 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33ºC, each treatment with 20 replications. Subsequently, in order to optimize rearing in the C. cephalonica host, seven diets were developed and tested for changes in the biological parameters in this host and in the parasitism and sex ratio of T. pretiosum. To evaluate the interaction between T. remus and T. pretiosum, experiments were carried out with simultaneous and sequential release of both species in the laboratory and joint releases under semi-field conditions. Parasitism and emergence of T. pretiosum is influenced by temperature. Diets containing wheat, yeast and/or peanuts had a higher number of females emerged. As for the interaction of T. pretiosum and T. remus, the parasitoids released simultaneously had a higher rate of parasitism and emergence
Telenomus remus Nixon (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) and Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) are promising egg parasitoids for the management of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In this thesis, we aimed to evaluate the simultaneous and sequential interaction of T. remus in combined releases with T. pretiosum in order to understand this coexistence relationship and apply it to the control of S. frugiperda in corn. For this, this study was divided into four specific objectives: 1) to select and characterize species/strains of egg parasitoids associated with S. frugiperda; 2) test the effect of different diets on the biology of the alternative host Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and on the parasitism of S. frugiperda egg parasitoids; 3) to study the effect of the interspecific interaction of T. pretiosum with different T. remus strains in simultaneous and sequential parasitism; 4) determine the combined release dose of T. pretiosum and T. remus in maize, under laboratory and semi-field conditions. A strain of T. pretiosum collected in the field was multiplied and used in experiments to test the ability of parasitism in eggs of alternative hosts (Corcyra cephalonica and Anagasta kuehniella) and natural host (S. frugiperda) at temperatures of 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33ºC, each treatment with 20 replications. Subsequently, in order to optimize rearing in the C. cephalonica host, seven diets were developed and tested for changes in the biological parameters in this host and in the parasitism and sex ratio of T. pretiosum. To evaluate the interaction between T. remus and T. pretiosum, experiments were carried out with simultaneous and sequential release of both species in the laboratory and joint releases under semi-field conditions. Parasitism and emergence of T. pretiosum is influenced by temperature. Diets containing wheat, yeast and/or peanuts had a higher number of females emerged. As for the interaction of T. pretiosum and T. remus, the parasitoids released simultaneously had a higher rate of parasitism and emergence
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controle biológico, parasitoides, hospedeiros alternativos, competição interespecífica, Zea mays, biological control, parasitoids, alternative hosts, interespecific interaction