Ecological and evolutionary legacy of megafauna extinctions

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dc.contributor.authorGaletti, Mauro [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorMoleón, Marcos
dc.contributor.authorJordano, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorPires, Mathias M.
dc.contributor.authorGuimarães, Paulo R.
dc.contributor.authorPape, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorNichols, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorHansen, Dennis
dc.contributor.authorOlesen, Jens M.
dc.contributor.authorMunk, Michael
dc.contributor.authorde Mattos, Jacqueline S. [UNESP]
dc.contributor.authorSchweiger, Andreas H.
dc.contributor.authorOwen-Smith, Norman
dc.contributor.authorJohnson, Christopher N.
dc.contributor.authorMarquis, Robert J.
dc.contributor.authorSvenning, Jens-Christian
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
dc.contributor.institutionConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidad de Granada
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade de São Paulo (USP)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Copenhagen
dc.contributor.institutionSwarthmore College
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Zurich
dc.contributor.institutionAarhus University
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of the Witwatersrand
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Tasmania
dc.contributor.institutionUniversity of Missouri-St. Louis
dc.date.accessioned2018-12-11T17:34:23Z
dc.date.available2018-12-11T17:34:23Z
dc.date.issued2018-05-01
dc.description.abstractFor hundreds of millions of years, large vertebrates (megafauna) have inhabited most of the ecosystems on our planet. During the late Quaternary, notably during the Late Pleistocene and the early Holocene, Earth experienced a rapid extinction of large, terrestrial vertebrates. While much attention has been paid to understanding the causes of this massive megafauna extinction, less attention has been given to understanding the impacts of loss of megafauna on other organisms with whom they interacted. In this review, we discuss how the loss of megafauna disrupted and reshaped ecological interactions, and explore the ecological consequences of the ongoing decline of large vertebrates. Numerous late Quaternary extinct species of predators, parasites, commensals and mutualistic partners were associated with megafauna and were probably lost due to their strict dependence upon them (co-extinctions). Moreover, many extant species have megafauna-adapted traits that provided evolutionary benefits under past megafauna-rich conditions, but are now of no or limited use (anachronisms). Morphological evolution and behavioural changes allowed some of these species partially to overcome the absence of megafauna. Although the extinction of megafauna led to a number of co-extinction events, several species that likely co-evolved with megafauna established new interactions with humans and their domestic animals. Species that were highly specialized in interactions with megafauna, such as large predators, specialized parasites, and large commensalists (e.g. scavengers, dung beetles), and could not adapt to new hosts or prey were more likely to die out. Partners that were less megafauna dependent persisted because of behavioural plasticity or by shifting their dependency to humans via domestication, facilitation or pathogen spill-over, or through interactions with domestic megafauna. We argue that the ongoing extinction of the extant megafauna in the Anthropocene will catalyse another wave of co-extinctions due to the enormous diversity of key ecological interactions and functional roles provided by the megafauna.en
dc.description.affiliationDepartamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
dc.description.affiliationEstación Biológica de Doñana EBD-SCIC Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
dc.description.affiliationDepartamento de Zoología Universidad de Granada
dc.description.affiliationDepartamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo
dc.description.affiliationNatural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen
dc.description.affiliationBiology Department Swarthmore College
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of Zurich
dc.description.affiliationSection for Ecoinformatics & Biodiversity Department of Bioscience Aarhus University
dc.description.affiliationCentre for African Ecology School of Animal Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand
dc.description.affiliationSchool of Biological Sciences & Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage University of Tasmania
dc.description.affiliationDepartment of Biology and the Whitney R. Harris World Ecology Center University of Missouri-St. Louis
dc.description.affiliationUnespDepartamento de Ecologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipAarhus Universitets Forskningsfond
dc.description.sponsorshipConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
dc.description.sponsorshipFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
dc.description.sponsorshipVillum Fonden
dc.format.extent845-862
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1111/brv.12374
dc.identifier.citationBiological Reviews, v. 93, n. 2, p. 845-862, 2018.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/brv.12374
dc.identifier.issn1469-185X
dc.identifier.issn1464-7931
dc.identifier.scopus2-s2.0-85030655453
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11449/179254
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofBiological Reviews
dc.relation.ispartofsjr4,900
dc.rights.accessRightsAcesso restrito
dc.sourceScopus
dc.subjectanachronism
dc.subjectbotfly
dc.subjectcerrado
dc.subjectdung beetles
dc.subjectmegaherbivores
dc.subjectparasite–host interaction
dc.subjectplant defence
dc.subjectsavanna
dc.subjectscavengers
dc.subjectseed dispersal
dc.titleEcological and evolutionary legacy of megafauna extinctionsen
dc.typeArtigo
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-3126-619X[2]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-2142-9116[3]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-2500-4748[4]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0003-3281-9160[10]
unesp.author.orcid0000-0002-3415-0862[16]

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