Efeito de herbicidas registrados para manejo integrado de vegetação em direitos de passagem, na respiração heterotrófica global do solo e extração dos respectivos ingredientes ativos
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Data
2023-05-31
Autores
Negrisoli, Raphael Mereb [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O manejo integrado de vegetação (MIV) pode ser classificado como um manejo complexo que abrange conhecimento básico e aplicado com o objetivo de controlar plantas, sobretudo arbustivas, localizados em instalações e locais onde há linhas de transmissão de energia, subestações de energia, linhas de distribuição de energia elétrica, linhas férreas ou rodoviárias, conhecidos como ‘direitos de passagem’. O MIV busca o manejo consciente de vegetação, controlando apenas as plantas que oferecem riscos as atividades realizadas em cada local. O MIV é utilizado para entender, justificar e escolher os tratamentos corretamente, aplicando de forma seletiva quando necessário e, por fim, monitorando os diferentes tratamentos com o objetivo de permitir um manejo sustentável e socialmente responsável. O uso de herbicidas em áreas de MIV são de grande importância no processo. No entanto, grande parte das áreas de MIV consistem em áreas ambientais não agrícolas, o que, consequentemente, exige maior atenção no manejo com herbicidas. Assim, o objetivo do trabalho foi de avaliar o efeito de cinco herbicidas registrados para áreas não-agrícolas (Arsenal NA®, Dominum NA®, Garlon NA®, Glyphosate NA® e Pluris NA®) na respiração heterotrófica global do solo em diferentes volumes de calda; avaliar o efeito de cinco adjuvantes na respiração heterotrófica global do solo; avaliar o efeito dos cinco herbicidas utilizando os solos das áreas de linha de transmissão de energia (MIV); e desenvolver e validar a metodologia para detecção e extração dos herbicidas Arsenal NA®, Dominum NA®, Garlon NA®, Glyphosate NA® e Pluris NA® presentes no solo. No estudo do impacto dos herbicidas na atividade microbiana do solo em diferentes taxas de aplicação (50, 150 e 200 L ha-1), avaliou-se o efeito dos tratamentos na respiração heterotrófica global do solo durante 28 dias utilizando solos provenientes de Botucatu-SP. Além disso, foram analisados o efeito dos adjuvantes Agral®, Assist®, Aureo®, Silwet® e VegetOil® na atividade microbiana. Na segunda etapa do estudo, foram avaliados o efeito dos herbicidas na atividade microbiana utilizando solos de áreas que serão utilizadas com o MIV, no estado do Paraná, aplicando os herbicidas a 200 L ha-1. A terceira parte do estudo desenvolveu e validou a metodologia para detecção e quantificação de Arsenal NA®, Dominum NA®, Garlon NA®, Glyphosate NA® e Pluris NA® por meio de cromatografia líquida (LC-MS/MS). Por fim, o estudo desenvolveu metodologia de extração desses ingredientes ativos presentes no solo. Com base nos resultados, observou-se que não houve efeito das taxas de aplicação na atividade microbiana com os solos de Botucatu-SP. No entanto, analisando a atividade microbiana dos solos do Paraná, observou-se estímulo na atividade microbiana nos solos aplicados com os herbicidas, com destaque aos herbicidas Garlon NA® e Pluris NA®. Por fim, o método proposto para detecção e quantificação mostrou-se altamente eficiente e com altos limites de quantificação. Além disso, observou-se maior extração dos ingredientes ativos no solo por meio da fase ‘20% Metanol: 80% Água’, sendo possível recuperar com grande precisão todos os ativos.
Integrated vegetation management (IVM) can be classified as a complex management that encompasses basic and applied knowledge and requires great effort in its maintenance, therefore used to understand, justify, choose the treatments correctly, apply them in a selective and, finally, to monitor the different treatments with the objective of allowing a sustainable and socially responsible management. The use of herbicides in IVM areas are of great importance in the process. However, most of the IVM areas consist of non-agricultural environmental places, which, consequently, require greater attention in herbicide management. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of five herbicides (Garlon NA®, Glyphosate NA®, Pluris NA®, Dominum NA®, and Arsenal NA®) on the global heterotrophic respiration of the soil in different spray volumes; to evaluate the effect of the five herbicides using the soils in the areas of the power transmission line (IVM) and to develop and validate the methodology for detection and extraction of the growth regulator herbicides present in the soil. In the study of the impact of herbicides on soil microbial activity at different application rates (50, 150 and 200 L ha-1), the effect of treatments on overall soil heterotrophic respiration was evaluated for 28 days using soils from Botucatu- SP. Furthermore, the effect of adjuvants (Agral®, Assist®, Aureo®, Silwet®, VegetOil®) on microbial activity was analyzed. In the second part of the study, the effect of herbicides on microbial activity was evaluated using soils from areas that will be used with the IVM, in Tunas do Paraná-PR and Piên-PR, applying the herbicides at 200 L ha-1. The third part of the study developed and validated the methodology for detection and quantification of the active ingredients picloram, aminopyralid, triclopyr, imazapyr and fluroxypyr through liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). Finally, the study developed a methodology for extracting these active ingredients present in the soil. Based on the results, it was observed that there was no effect of application rates on microbial activity with Botucatu-SP soils. Furthermore, herbicides had no effect on soil microbial activity. However, analyzing the microbial activity of soils in Paraná, a stimulus was observed in microbial activity in soils applied with herbicides, with emphasis on Garlon NA® and Pluris NA® herbicides. Finally, the proposed method for detection and quantification proved to be highly efficient and with high limits of quantification. In addition, there was a greater active ingredient extraction in the soil using the '20% Methanol: 80% Water' phase, making it possible to recover all the actives with great precision.
Integrated vegetation management (IVM) can be classified as a complex management that encompasses basic and applied knowledge and requires great effort in its maintenance, therefore used to understand, justify, choose the treatments correctly, apply them in a selective and, finally, to monitor the different treatments with the objective of allowing a sustainable and socially responsible management. The use of herbicides in IVM areas are of great importance in the process. However, most of the IVM areas consist of non-agricultural environmental places, which, consequently, require greater attention in herbicide management. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of five herbicides (Garlon NA®, Glyphosate NA®, Pluris NA®, Dominum NA®, and Arsenal NA®) on the global heterotrophic respiration of the soil in different spray volumes; to evaluate the effect of the five herbicides using the soils in the areas of the power transmission line (IVM) and to develop and validate the methodology for detection and extraction of the growth regulator herbicides present in the soil. In the study of the impact of herbicides on soil microbial activity at different application rates (50, 150 and 200 L ha-1), the effect of treatments on overall soil heterotrophic respiration was evaluated for 28 days using soils from Botucatu- SP. Furthermore, the effect of adjuvants (Agral®, Assist®, Aureo®, Silwet®, VegetOil®) on microbial activity was analyzed. In the second part of the study, the effect of herbicides on microbial activity was evaluated using soils from areas that will be used with the IVM, in Tunas do Paraná-PR and Piên-PR, applying the herbicides at 200 L ha-1. The third part of the study developed and validated the methodology for detection and quantification of the active ingredients picloram, aminopyralid, triclopyr, imazapyr and fluroxypyr through liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). Finally, the study developed a methodology for extracting these active ingredients present in the soil. Based on the results, it was observed that there was no effect of application rates on microbial activity with Botucatu-SP soils. Furthermore, herbicides had no effect on soil microbial activity. However, analyzing the microbial activity of soils in Paraná, a stimulus was observed in microbial activity in soils applied with herbicides, with emphasis on Garlon NA® and Pluris NA® herbicides. Finally, the proposed method for detection and quantification proved to be highly efficient and with high limits of quantification. In addition, there was a greater active ingredient extraction in the soil using the '20% Methanol: 80% Water' phase, making it possible to recover all the actives with great precision.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atividade microbiana, Impacto ambiental, Resíduo de herbicidas, Respiração edáfica, Cromatografia, Plantas daninhas, Microbial activity, Environmental impact, Edaphic respiration, Chromatography, Weeds